School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Analytical and Testing Center, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Nov;25(32):32747-32755. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3283-5. Epub 2018 Sep 22.
We have previously reported that Ricinus communis is a good candidate for the phytoremediation of Cd- and Zn-contaminated soil and for fuel production. In this study, changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; and guaiacol peroxidase, POD) and the contents of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) in R. communis leaves under Cu, Zn, and Cd stress were examined. Compounds from the exudate of R. communis roots were collected and analyzed using GC-MS chromatograms. The results of enzyme activity showed that Cd treatment significantly increased the SOD content of R. communis leaves and slightly elevated the CAT content, whereas the POD content increased markedly at low Cd treatment concentrations and decreased as Cd concentrations increased. Zn treatment distinctly elevated SOD and POD content in R. communis leaves but had no great influence on CAT content. Cu treatment slightly increased CAT activity, while Cu did not evidently change SOD and POD activity. We found 17, 29, 18, 18, and 33 different compounds in the R. communis root exudates from the control group and Cd, Cu, Zn, and Cd+Cu+Zn treatment groups, respectively. The root exudates mainly included ester, alcohol, ether, amide, acid, phenol, alkanes, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbon, and nitrile compounds. However, the root exudates of R. communis grown in uncontaminated soils were dominated by esters, alcohols, and ethers. Single Cu or Zn treatment slightly changed the root exudates, which were dominated by esters, alcohols, and amides. In the Cd and Cd+Cu+Zn treatment groups, the compositions of root exudates apparently increased, with alkanes as the major species (> 88%).
我们之前报道过蓖麻是一种很好的候选植物，可以用来修复 Cd 和 Zn 污染的土壤，也可以用来生产燃料。在这项研究中，我们研究了 Cu、Zn 和 Cd 胁迫下蓖麻叶片抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、SOD；过氧化氢酶、CAT；愈创木酚过氧化物酶、POD）活性和叶绿素及丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。收集了蓖麻根渗出物中的化合物，并使用 GC-MS 色谱图进行了分析。酶活性结果表明，Cd 处理显著增加了蓖麻叶片 SOD 的含量，略微提高了 CAT 的含量，而 POD 的含量在低 Cd 处理浓度下显著增加，随着 Cd 浓度的增加而降低。Zn 处理明显增加了 SOD 和 POD 在蓖麻叶片中的含量，但对 CAT 含量没有很大影响。Cu 处理略微增加了 CAT 活性，而 Cu 对 SOD 和 POD 活性没有明显影响。在对照组和 Cd、Cu、Zn 和 Cd+Cu+Zn 处理组中，我们分别从蓖麻根渗出物中发现了 17、29、18、18 和 33 种不同的化合物。根渗出物主要包括酯、醇、醚、酰胺、酸、酚、烷烃、酮、芳烃和腈类化合物。然而，生长在未污染土壤中的蓖麻根渗出物主要由酯类、醇类和醚类组成。单一 Cu 或 Zn 处理稍微改变了根渗出物的组成，以酯类、醇类和酰胺类为主。在 Cd 和 Cd+Cu+Zn 处理组中，根渗出物的组成明显增加，烷烃成为主要成分（>88%）。
