The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Am J Med Genet A. 2018 Oct;176(10):2203-2214. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40494. Epub 2018 Sep 23.
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) is the most frequent copy number variant (CNV) affecting ~1/1,000 fetuses and ~1/2,000-4,000 children, resulting in recognizable but variable findings across multiple organ systems. Patients with atypical features should prompt consideration of coexisting diagnoses due to additional genome-wide mutations, CNVs, or mutations/CNVs on the other allele, unmasking autosomal recessive conditions. Importantly, a dual diagnosis compounds symptoms and impacts management. We previously reported seven patients with 22q11.2DS and: SCID, Trisomy 8 mosaicism, Bernard-Soulier, and CEDNIK syndromes. Here we present six additional unreported patients with 22q11.2DS and concurrent diagnoses. Records on 1,422 patients with 22q11.2DS, identified via FISH, microarray, or MLPA, followed in our 22q and You Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) were reviewed to identify a dual diagnosis. In addition to our seven previously reported cases, we identified an additional six with 22q11.2DS and another coexisting condition identified via: molecular/cytogenetic studies, newborn screening, coagulation factor studies, or enzyme testing; these include CHARGE syndrome (CHD7 mutation), cystic fibrosis, a maternally inherited 17q12 deletion, G6PD deficiency, von Willebrand disease, and 1q21.1 deletion, resulting in an incidence of dual diagnoses at our center of 0.9%. The range of dual diagnoses identified in our cohort is notable, medically actionable, and may alter long-term outcome and recurrence risk counseling. Thus, our findings may support testing patients with 22q11.2DS using a combination of microarray, mutational analysis of the other allele/WES, to ensure appropriate personalized care, as formulating medical management decisions hinges on establishing the correct diagnoses in their entirety.
22q11.2 缺失综合征(DS)是最常见的拷贝数变异(CNV)之一,影响约 1/1000 名胎儿和约 1/2000-4000 名儿童,导致多个器官系统出现可识别但可变的表现。具有非典型特征的患者应考虑由于其他全基因组突变、CNV 或另一个等位基因上的突变/CNV 而共存的其他诊断,揭示常染色体隐性疾病。重要的是,双重诊断会加重症状并影响管理。我们之前报道了 7 名患有 22q11.2DS 的患者,伴有 SCID、8 号染色体三体嵌合、伯纳德-苏利埃和 CEDNIK 综合征。在此,我们报告了另外 6 名患有 22q11.2DS 且并发诊断的未报告患者。通过 FISH、微阵列或 MLPA 在费城儿童医院(CHOP)的 22q 和 You 中心进行随访的 1422 名 22q11.2DS 患者的记录进行了回顾,以确定双重诊断。除了我们之前报告的 7 例病例外,我们还通过分子/细胞遗传学研究、新生儿筛查、凝血因子研究或酶检测,确定了另外 6 例患有 22q11.2DS 且存在另一种共存疾病的患者;这些疾病包括 CHARGE 综合征(CHD7 突变)、囊性纤维化、母体 17q12 缺失、G6PD 缺乏症、血管性血友病和 1q21.1 缺失,导致我们中心的双重诊断发生率为 0.9%。我们队列中确定的双重诊断范围值得注意,具有可操作性,可能会改变长期预后和复发风险咨询。因此,我们的发现可能支持使用微阵列、另一个等位基因/WES 的突变分析对 22q11.2DS 患者进行测试,以确保提供适当的个性化护理,因为制定医疗管理决策取决于全面确定正确的诊断。
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