Fink Julius, Schoenfeld Brad Jon, Hackney Anthony C, Matsumoto Masahito, Maekawa Takahiro, Nakazato Koichi, Horie Shigeo
a Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology , Juntendo University , Tokyo , JAPAN.
b Department of Health Sciences , Lehman College , Bronx , NY , USA.
Phys Sportsmed. 2019 Feb;47(1):10-14. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1526626. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Performance enhancing substances are becoming increasingly popular amongst bodybuilders and people who want to enhance their physiques. However, due to the rise of the Internet and laws prohibiting sales of these substances without prescription, the route of procurement and administration practices have become more and more dangerous. Prior to the mid-1970's, anabolic steroids were not regulated and easily available from physicians and pharmacies in several countries. In 1990, the United States enacted the Anabolic Steroid Control Act, leading to the proliferation of black markets and underground laboratories. The shift from pharmacy to underground online sites for the procurement of anabolic steroids led to an increase of fake products with low purity and the ability to potentially endanger the health of anabolic steroid users. Underground laboratories emerged both locally and in countries with lax legal regulations. 'Anabolic steroid tourism' and large networks of online resellers emerged, leading to the banalisation of the illegal procurement of anabolic steroids. Furthermore, the increase of anecdotal information spreading on the internet among anabolic steroid user forums nourishes the rampant misinformation and dangerous practices that currently exist. The dosages and ways of administration recommended on these forums can be false and misleading to those who lack a medical background and cannot go to their physician to seek advice because of the fear of repercussions. This review aims to elucidate and describe current practices of the anabolic-androgenic steroids black market and draw attention to potential dangers for users.
提高成绩的药物在健美运动员和想要增强体质的人群中越来越受欢迎。然而，由于互联网的兴起以及法律禁止无处方销售这些药物，采购途径和使用方法变得越来越危险。在20世纪70年代中期之前，合成代谢类固醇不受管制，在几个国家的医生和药店都很容易买到。1990年，美国颁布了《合成代谢类固醇管制法》，导致黑市和地下实验室激增。从药店转向地下在线网站采购合成代谢类固醇，导致低纯度假冒产品增多，有可能危及合成代谢类固醇使用者的健康。地下实验室在当地以及法律法规宽松的国家都出现了。“合成代谢类固醇旅游”和大型在线经销商网络出现了，导致合成代谢类固醇非法采购变得平常。此外，在互联网上合成代谢类固醇用户论坛中传播的传闻信息增多，助长了目前存在的猖獗的错误信息和危险做法。这些论坛上推荐的剂量和使用方法可能对那些缺乏医学背景且因担心后果而无法向医生咨询的人具有误导性。本综述旨在阐明和描述合成代谢雄激素类固醇黑市的当前情况，并提醒使用者注意潜在危险。
