Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; CIBIT - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, ICNAS - Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2019 Mar 8;89:236-244. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects over 1:100 of the population and costs the UK more than £32bn and the USA more than $175bn (£104bn) annually. Its core symptoms are social and communication difficulties, repetitive behaviours and sensory hyper- or hypo-sensitivities. A highly diverse phenotypic presentation likely reflects its etiological heterogeneity and makes finding treatment targets for ASD challenging. In addition, there are no means to identify biologically responsive individuals who may benefit from specific interventions. There is hope however, and in this review we consolidate how findings from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) add to the evidence that differences in the brain's excitatory glutamate and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) balance may be both a key biomarker and a tractable treatment target in ASD.
自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 影响超过 1:100 的人群，每年给英国带来超过 320 亿英镑的损失，给美国带来超过 1750 亿美元 (£1040 亿) 的损失。其核心症状是社交和沟通困难、重复行为以及感觉超敏或低敏。高度多样化的表型表现可能反映了其病因异质性，使得为 ASD 寻找治疗靶点具有挑战性。此外，目前还没有办法识别可能受益于特定干预措施的具有生物反应性的个体。然而，我们仍然抱有希望，在这篇综述中，我们将总结磁共振波谱 (MRS) 的研究结果如何为大脑兴奋谷氨酸和抑制性γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 平衡差异可能既是自闭症的关键生物标志物，也是一个可行的治疗靶点这一证据提供支持。
