MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. West, Montréal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Sep 21;15(10):2079. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102079.
Active-living-friendly environments have been linked to physical activity, but their relationships with specific markers of cardiometabolic health remain unclear. We estimated the associations between active-living environments and markers of cardiometabolic health, and explored the potential mediating role of physical activity in these associations. We used data collected on 2809 middle-aged adults who participated in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007⁻2009; 41.5 years, SD = 15.1). Environments were assessed using an index that combined GIS-derived measures of street connectivity, land use mix, and population density. Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), hemoglobin A1c, and cholesterol were assessed in a laboratory setting. Daily step counts and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) were assessed for seven days using accelerometers. Associations were estimated using robust multivariable linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic factors that were assessed via questionnaire. BMI was 0.79 kg/m² lower (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.31, -0.27) and SBP was 1.65 mmHg lower (95% CI -3.10, -0.20) in participants living in the most active-living-friendly environments compared to the least, independent of daily step counts or MVPA. A 35.4 min/week difference in MPVA (95% CI 24.2, 46.6) was observed between residents of neighborhoods in the highest compared to the lowest active-living-environment quartiles. Cycling to work rates were also the highest in participants living in the highest living-environment quartiles (e.g., Q4 vs. Q1: 10.4% vs. 4.9%). Although active-living environments are associated with lower BMI and SBP, and higher MVPA and cycling rates, neither daily step counts nor MVPA appear to account for environment⁻BMI/SBP relationships. This suggests that other factors not assessed in this study (e.g., food environment or unmeasured features of the social environment) may explain this relationship.
积极生活环境与身体活动有关，但它们与心血管代谢健康特定标志物的关系尚不清楚。我们估计了积极生活环境与心血管代谢健康标志物之间的关联，并探讨了身体活动在这些关联中的潜在中介作用。我们使用了 2809 名参加加拿大健康测量调查（2007-2009 年；41.5 岁，SD=15.1）的中年成年人的数据。环境使用 GIS 衍生的街道连通性、土地利用混合和人口密度测量指标的综合指数进行评估。在实验室环境中评估体重指数（BMI）、收缩压（SBP）、糖化血红蛋白和胆固醇。使用加速度计评估七天的日常步数和中等到剧烈强度的身体活动（MVPA）。使用经过问卷调查评估的社会人口因素进行稳健的多变量线性回归来估计关联。与生活在最不积极的生活环境中的参与者相比，生活在最积极的生活环境中的参与者的 BMI 低 0.79kg/m²（95%置信区间（CI）-1.31，-0.27），SBP 低 1.65mmHg（95% CI -3.10，-0.20），独立于日常步数或 MVPA。与居住在最低积极生活环境四分位的居民相比，居住在最高积极生活环境四分位的居民每周的 MVPA 差异为 35.4 分钟（95% CI 24.2，46.6）。在最高生活环境四分位的参与者中，骑自行车上班的比例也最高（例如，Q4 与 Q1：10.4%与 4.9%）。尽管积极的生活环境与较低的 BMI 和 SBP 以及较高的 MVPA 和骑自行车比例相关，但日常步数和 MVPA 似乎都不能解释环境与 BMI/SBP 的关系。这表明，本研究未评估的其他因素（例如，食物环境或社会环境中未测量的特征）可能解释了这种关系。
Zotero 插件