1 Ege University, Ataturk Medical Technology Vocational Training School, Izmir, Turkey.
2 Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Waste Manag Res. 2019 Feb;37(2):157-167. doi: 10.1177/0734242X18799870. Epub 2018 Sep 25.
The objective of this study was to examine the potential of poultry wastes to be used as feedstock in non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis processes, which is a continuation of our previous research on their conversion into biofuel via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion. Both poultry meal and poultry litter were examined, initially in a fixed bed bench-scale reactor using ZSM-5 and MgO as catalysts. Pyrolysis of poultry meal yielded high amounts of bio-oil, while pyrolysis of poultry litter yielded high amounts of solid residue owing to its high ash content. MgO was found to be more effective for the deoxygenation of bio-oil and reduction of undesirable compounds, by converting mainly the acids in the pyrolysis vapours of poultry meal into aliphatic hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 favoured the formation of both aromatic compounds and undesirable nitrogenous compounds. Overall, all bio-oil samples from the pyrolysis of poultry wastes contained relatively high amounts of nitrogen compared with bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass, ca. 9 wt.% in the case of poultry meal and ca. 5-8 wt.% in the case of poultry litter. This was attributed to the high nitrogen content of the poultry wastes, unlike that of lignocellulosic biomass. Poultry meal yielded the highest amount of bio-oil and was selected as optimum feedstock to be scaled-up in a semi-pilot scale fluidised bed biomass pyrolysis unit with the ZSM-5 catalyst. Pyrolysis in the fluidised bed reactor was more efficient for deoxygenation of the bio-oil vapours, as evidenced from the lower oxygen content of the bio-oil.
本研究的目的是检验家禽废物作为非催化和催化快速热解原料的潜力，这是我们之前关于通过慢速热解和水热转化将其转化为生物燃料的研究的延续。本研究考察了家禽粉和家禽粪便，最初在固定床实验室规模反应器中使用 ZSM-5 和 MgO 作为催化剂。家禽粉的热解产生了大量的生物油，而家禽粪便的热解则由于其高灰分含量而产生了大量的固体残渣。MgO 被发现更有效地脱氧生物油和减少不期望的化合物，主要通过将家禽粉热解蒸气中的酸转化为脂肪族烃。ZSM-5 有利于芳香族化合物和不期望的含氮化合物的形成。总体而言，与木质纤维素生物质相比，来自家禽废物热解的所有生物油样品都含有相对较高量的氮，家禽粉的生物油中氮含量约为 9wt.%，家禽粪便的生物油中氮含量约为 5-8wt.%。这归因于家禽废物的高氮含量，而不是木质纤维素生物质的高氮含量。家禽粉产生了最多的生物油，被选为最佳原料，在半工业规模的流化床生物质热解装置中与 ZSM-5 催化剂一起放大。流化床反应器中的热解更有效地进行生物油蒸气的脱氧，这可以从生物油中较低的氧含量得到证明。
