手术住院医师中的刻板印象威胁与工作记忆。
Stereotype threat and working memory among surgical residents.
机构信息
Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Surgery, 660 Euclid Box 8109, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
Stanford University, Department of Psychology, Jordan Hall, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
出版信息
Am J Surg. 2018 Oct;216(4):824-829. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.07.064. Epub 2018 Sep 14.
BACKGROUND
Stereotype threat is a situational threat in which a member of a stereotyped group fears conforming to a negative stereotype. In this study, we examined the impact of stereotype threat on surgical performance and working memory among surgical residents.
METHODS
Residents at one institution were randomized to either the threat condition or the no-threat condition. We administered the Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test and the reading span task to assess residents' mental rotation and working memory, respectively.
RESULTS
102 residents participated in this study (response rate 61%). In multivariable analysis, we found significant gender differences. Men outperformed women in mental rotation, and women outperformed men in working memory. There was no effect of condition on performance on the mental rotation or working memory test.
CONCLUSIONS
No effect of condition on either test suggests that high-achieving women may be less susceptible to stereotype threat. This could be due to self-selection or adapted resilience, or women in this context may be more qualified to reach the same level of achievement as their male colleagues.
背景
刻板印象威胁是一种情境威胁，在这种威胁中，一个刻板印象群体的成员担心符合负面刻板印象。在这项研究中，我们研究了刻板印象威胁对外科住院医师手术表现和工作记忆的影响。
方法
一家机构的住院医师被随机分配到威胁组或无威胁组。我们分别进行了范登堡思维转换测试和阅读跨度任务，以评估住院医师的心理旋转和工作记忆能力。
结果
共有 102 名住院医师参与了这项研究（应答率为 61%）。在多变量分析中，我们发现存在显著的性别差异。男性在心理旋转方面的表现优于女性，而女性在工作记忆方面的表现优于男性。条件对心理旋转或工作记忆测试的表现没有影响。
结论
两种测试都没有受到条件的影响，这表明高成就的女性可能不太容易受到刻板印象威胁的影响。这可能是由于自我选择或适应性韧性，或者在这种情况下，女性更有资格达到与男性同事相同的成就水平。
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