Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Rhinology-Sinus and Skull Base Surgery Program, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Sep 25;13(9):e0204709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204709. eCollection 2018.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is characterized by sustained mucosal inflammation, impaired mucociliary clearance, loss of cilia and epithelial barrier breakdown, and tissue remodeling. Certain glycosaminoglycans inhibit various inflammatory mediators, suppress bacterial growth, and provide important functions in mucosal tissue repair and mucociliary clearance. Herein, we evaluated the effects of a synthetic glycosaminoglycan, GM-1111, on the clinical signs and inflammatory tissue changes associated with CRS in mice. CRS was generated by repeated intranasal applications of Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) extracts over 4 weeks. Mice were then intranasally administered GM-1111 (600 μg per dose, 5 times a week) or vehicle (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) for an additional 4 weeks while still being given A. fumigatus extracts to maintain a chronic inflammatory environment with acute exacerbations. Clinical signs indicative of sinonasal inflammation were recorded throughout the study. After 9 weeks, whole blood and sinonasal tissues were harvested for hematological, histological, and biochemical examination. The clinical signs, white blood cell counts, tissue markers of sinonasal inflammation, and histological changes caused by A. fumigatus extract administration were compared to the healthy (PBS vehicle) and GM-1111-treated groups (n = 12 per treatment group). Compared to vehicle-treated animals, animals treated with GM-1111 demonstrated significant reductions in clinical signs (p<0.05), degenerative tissue changes, goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration (p<0.01), innate immunity- (tlr2, tlr4, myd88, il1b, tnfa, il6, and il12) and adaptive immunity-associated (ccl11, ccl24, ccl5, il4, il5, and il13) cytokine gene expression (p<0.05 to p<0.0001) in sinonasal tissues, and serum IgE levels (p<0.01). Our data suggest that GM-1111 significantly reduces local and systemic effects of CRS-associated sinonasal inflammation.
慢性鼻鼻窦炎(CRS)的特征为持续性的黏膜炎症、黏液纤毛清除功能障碍、纤毛丧失和上皮屏障破坏,以及组织重塑。某些糖胺聚糖可抑制各种炎症介质、抑制细菌生长,并为黏膜组织修复和黏液纤毛清除提供重要功能。在此,我们评估了一种合成糖胺聚糖 GM-1111 对小鼠 CRS 相关临床症状和炎症组织变化的影响。通过重复鼻内应用烟曲霉(A. fumigatus)提取物在 4 周内产生 CRS。然后,在给予烟曲霉提取物的同时,将小鼠鼻内给予 GM-1111(每次剂量 600μg,每周 5 次)或载体(磷酸盐缓冲盐水,PBS)共 4 周,以维持具有急性加重的慢性炎症环境。在整个研究过程中记录了表明鼻旁窦炎症的临床症状。9 周后,采集全血和鼻旁窦组织进行血液学、组织学和生化检查。将临床症状、白细胞计数、鼻旁窦炎症的组织标志物以及烟曲霉提取物给药引起的组织学变化与健康(PBS 载体)和 GM-1111 治疗组(每组 12 只)进行比较。与载体处理的动物相比,用 GM-1111 处理的动物的临床症状(p<0.05)、退行性组织变化、杯状细胞增生、炎症细胞浸润(p<0.01)、固有免疫(tlr2、tlr4、myd88、il1b、tnfa、il6 和 il12)和适应性免疫相关(ccl11、ccl24、ccl5、il4、il5 和 il13)细胞因子基因表达(p<0.05 至 p<0.0001)在鼻旁窦组织中,以及血清 IgE 水平(p<0.01)显著降低。我们的数据表明 GM-1111 可显著减轻 CRS 相关鼻旁窦炎症的局部和全身影响。
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