Muñoz Martín Raúl, Corcobado Márquez Mercedes, Gómez-Calcerrada Jiménez Rosa María
Rev Enferm. 2016 Nov-Dec;39(11-12):54-61.
The prescription based on the active ingredients has fostered the rise of generic drugs, increasing the variety of presentations, which can cause confusion, mistakes and encourage the medication nonadherence. The elderly may be at higher risk due to associated comorbidities and polymedication.
To assess recognition of the medication and adherence to medical prescription in elderly patients with changes in their medication appearance.
Descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample made by recruitment in Primary Health Care. We performed structured interviews to 96 patients over 65 years: we evaluated the adherence to medical prescription through the Morisky-Green test and we assessed the ability to recognize the medication by a discrimination test using drug boxes.
99% of the patients (CI95% 94.3-99.8%) reported never to fail in taking their medication. 84.4% (CI95% 75.8-90%) recognized their medication without errors, 67.7% (CI95% 57.8-76.2% recognized the correct active ingredient and 56.2% (CI95% 46.3-65.7%) the right amount of active ingredient. A higher level of recognition was found in women, patients with a superior education level and those without polymedication (p < 0.05). Half of the patients (51%; CI95% 41.2-60.8%) showed adherence to medical prescription, but we found no significant relationship with the socio-demographic variables or the degree of recognition of the medication.
High rate of lack of adherence to drug therapy, but similar to other publications. The education level influences the recognition of the medication, while polymedication has a negative effect. The wrong appreciation by patients considering that they take appropriately their medication contrasts with the real data, and should be taken into consideration.
基于活性成分的处方推动了仿制药的兴起，增加了药物剂型的种类，这可能会导致混淆、用药错误并助长不遵医嘱的行为。由于合并症和多种药物治疗，老年人可能面临更高的风险。
评估老年患者在药物外观发生变化时对药物的识别能力以及对医嘱的依从性。
在初级卫生保健机构通过招募进行样本的描述性横断面研究。我们对96名65岁以上的患者进行了结构化访谈：通过Morisky-Green测试评估对医嘱的依从性，并使用药盒通过辨别测试评估识别药物的能力。
99%的患者（95%置信区间94.3 - 99.8%）报告从未漏服药物。84.4%（95%置信区间75.8 - 90%）能无误识别其药物，67.7%（95%置信区间57.8 - 76.2%）能识别正确的活性成分，56.2%（95%置信区间46.3 - 65.7%）能识别正确剂量的活性成分。在女性、受教育程度较高的患者以及未进行多种药物治疗的患者中发现了更高的识别水平（p < 0.05）。一半的患者（51%；95%置信区间41.2 - 60.8%）表现出对医嘱的依从性，但我们未发现其与社会人口统计学变量或药物识别程度之间存在显著关系。
药物治疗不依从率较高，但与其他研究结果相似。教育水平影响对药物的识别，而多种药物治疗有负面影响。患者认为自己正确用药的错误认知与实际数据形成对比，应予以考虑。
