A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, and Materials Science and Engineering Department , Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States.
Pharmaceutical College , Guangxi Medical University , Nanning , Guangxi 530021 , People's Republic of China.
ACS Nano. 2018 Oct 23;12(10):10518-10528. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06494. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
The wearable artificial kidney can deliver continuous ambulatory dialysis for more than 3 million patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the efficient removal of urea is a key challenge in miniaturizing the device and making it light and small enough for practical use. Here, we show that two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with the composition of TiCT , where T represents surface termination groups such as -OH, -O-, and -F, can adsorb urea, reaching 99% removal efficiency from aqueous solution and 94% from dialysate at the initial urea concentration of 30 mg/dL, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 10.4 mg/g at room temperature. When tested at 37 °C, we achieved a 2-fold increase in urea removal efficiency from dialysate, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 21.7 mg/g. TiCT showed good hemocompatibility; it did not induce cell apoptosis or reduce the metabolizing cell fraction, indicating no impact on cell viability at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of TiCT and its selectivity for urea adsorption from dialysate open a new opportunity in designing a miniaturized dialysate regeneration system for a wearable artificial kidney.
可穿戴人工肾可以为 300 多万名终末期肾病患者提供连续流动透析。然而，在缩小设备体积并使其足够轻便小巧以实际应用方面，高效去除尿素是一个关键挑战。在这里，我们展示了二维碳化钛（TiCT ，其中 T 代表表面终止基团，如 -OH、-O- 和 -F）可以吸附尿素，在初始尿素浓度为 30mg/dL 时，从水溶液中达到 99%的去除效率，从透析液中达到 94%的去除效率，在室温下的最大尿素吸附容量为 10.4mg/g。当在 37°C 下进行测试时，我们从透析液中实现了尿素去除效率提高了 2 倍，最大尿素吸附容量为 21.7mg/g。TiCT 表现出良好的血液相容性；它不会诱导细胞凋亡或降低代谢细胞分数，表明在高达 200μg/mL 的浓度下对细胞活力没有影响。TiCT 的生物相容性及其对透析液中尿素吸附的选择性为设计可穿戴人工肾的小型化透析液再生系统开辟了新的机会。
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