Department of Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, Agra, India.
Department of Obstetrician and Gynecology, S.N. Medical College, Agra, India.
Drug Chem Toxicol. 2020 Sep;43(5):531-538. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1515216. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
Preterm birth is a significant public reproductive health concern globally; Furthermore, preterm birth has long-lasting medical and pecuniary burdens on the society. Moreover, preterm birth is well-established as the underlying cause of low birth weight in infants as well as neonatal mortality. A growing body of literature suggests that the etiology of preterm delivery in women is elusive; however, countless environmental factors are considered responsible for preterm birth. Environmental contaminants that are toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury are familiar confounding factors for preterm birth globally. Recent studies have indicated that these toxic heavy metals induce oxidative stress in the trophoblastic placental tissue by producing reactive oxygen species that alter the mechanism of antioxidants possibly leading to preterm birth. Moreover, no obvious mechanism underlying metal-induced oxidative stress in the placenta has been identified until date. Consequently, this review offers an outline of the currently existing scientific information on the association of toxic metals and redox status of the placental tissue with preterm birth. Furthermore, this study critically recognizes the gaps related to the deleterious effect of metals on the gestation period in scientific literature.
早产是一个全球性的重要公共生殖健康问题；此外，早产给社会带来了长期的医疗和经济负担。此外，早产是导致婴儿低体重和新生儿死亡的根本原因。越来越多的文献表明，妇女早产的病因难以捉摸；然而，无数的环境因素被认为是导致早产的原因。在全球范围内，有毒金属如铅、镉、砷和汞等环境污染物是常见的混杂因素。最近的研究表明，这些有毒重金属通过产生活性氧物质，在滋养层胎盘组织中诱导氧化应激，改变抗氧化剂的机制，可能导致早产。此外，迄今为止，尚未确定金属诱导胎盘氧化应激的明确机制。因此，本综述概述了目前关于有毒金属与胎盘组织氧化还原状态与早产之间关联的现有科学信息。此外，本研究还批判性地认识到与金属对妊娠期的有害影响相关的科学文献中的空白。
