Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Quartier Mouline, Bâtiment Géopolis, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Computer Vision Center/Computer Science Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Psychol Res. 2020 Jun;84(4):851-865. doi: 10.1007/s00426-018-1097-1. Epub 2018 Sep 26.
In 2015, a picture of a Dress (henceforth the Dress) triggered popular and scientific interest; some reported seeing the Dress in white and gold (W&G) and others in blue and black (B&B). We aimed to describe the phenomenon and investigate the role of contextualization. Few days after the Dress had appeared on the Internet, we projected it to 240 students on two large screens in the classroom. Participants reported seeing the Dress in B&B (48%), W&G (38%), or blue and brown (B&Br; 7%). Amongst numerous socio-demographic variables, we only observed that W&G viewers were most likely to have always seen the Dress as W&G. In the laboratory, we tested how much contextual information is necessary for the phenomenon to occur. Fifty-seven participants selected colours most precisely matching predominant colours of parts or the full Dress. We presented, in this order, small squares (a), vertical strips (b), and the full Dress (c). We found that (1) B&B, B&Br, and W&G viewers had selected colours differing in lightness and chroma levels for contextualized images only (b, c conditions) and hue for fully contextualized condition only (c) and (2) B&B viewers selected colours most closely matching displayed colours of the Dress. Thus, the Dress phenomenon emerges due to inter-individual differences in subjectively perceived lightness, chroma, and hue, at least when all aspects of the picture need to be integrated. Our results support the previous conclusions that contextual information is key to colour perception; it should be important to understand how this actually happens.
2015 年，一张连衣裙的照片（后文简称“连衣裙”）引发了公众和科学界的兴趣；一些人报告说看到的连衣裙是白色和金色（W&G），而另一些人看到的是蓝色和黑色（B&B）。我们旨在描述这一现象，并研究语境化的作用。在连衣裙出现在互联网上的几天后，我们在教室里的两个大屏幕上向 240 名学生展示了它。参与者报告说看到的连衣裙是 B&B（48%）、W&G（38%）或蓝棕色（B&Br；7%）。在众多社会人口变量中，我们只观察到 W&G 观看者最有可能一直将连衣裙视为 W&G。在实验室里，我们测试了需要多少语境信息才能使这种现象发生。五十七名参与者选择了最能匹配连衣裙部分或全部主要颜色的颜色。我们依次展示了小方块（a）、垂直条纹（b）和完整的连衣裙（c）。我们发现，（1）B&B、B&Br 和 W&G 观看者仅在语境化图像（b、c 条件）和完全语境化条件（c）中选择了在明度和彩度水平上不同的颜色，以及仅在完全语境化条件中选择了与连衣裙显示颜色最接近的色调；（2）B&B 观看者选择了与连衣裙显示颜色最接近的颜色。因此，连衣裙现象的出现是由于个体之间在主观感知明度、彩度和色调方面的差异，至少在需要整合图片的所有方面时是这样。我们的结果支持了之前的结论，即语境信息是颜色感知的关键；了解这实际上是如何发生的应该很重要。
