Goller Juergen, Leder Helmut, Cursiter Heather, Jenkins Rob
Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Austria.
School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, UK.
Perception. 2018 Oct-Nov;47(10-11):1043-1053. doi: 10.1177/0301006618802696. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
First impressions from faces emerge quickly and shape subsequent behaviour. Given that different pictures of the same face evoke different impressions, we asked whether presentation order affects the overall impression of the person. In three experiments, we presented naturally varying photos of a person's face in ascending (low-to-high) or descending (high-to-low) order of attractiveness. We found that attractiveness ratings for a subsequent test item were higher for the descending condition than for the ascending condition (Experiment 1), consistent with anchoring effects. In Experiment 2, we ruled out contrast between the final item and the test item as the cause of the effect by demonstrating anchoring within the sequence itself. In Experiment 3, we found that order of image presentation also affected dating decisions. Our findings demonstrate that first impressions from faces depend not only on visual information but also on the order in which that information is received. We suggest that models of impression formation and learning of individual faces could be improved by considering temporal order of encounters.
对面孔的第一印象迅速形成并塑造后续行为。鉴于同一面孔的不同照片会引发不同印象，我们探究了呈现顺序是否会影响对这个人的整体印象。在三项实验中，我们按照吸引力由低到高（升序）或由高到低（降序）的顺序呈现一个人的面部自然变化照片。我们发现，后续测试项目的吸引力评分在降序条件下高于升序条件（实验1），这与锚定效应一致。在实验2中，我们通过证明序列本身存在锚定效应，排除了最后一项与测试项目之间的对比是造成该效应的原因。在实验3中，我们发现图像呈现顺序也会影响约会决策。我们的研究结果表明，对面孔的第一印象不仅取决于视觉信息，还取决于接收该信息的顺序。我们建议，通过考虑相遇的时间顺序，可以改进个体面孔印象形成和学习的模型。
