Alves Thiago J S, Murcia Ana, Wanumen Andrea Carolina, Wanderley-Teixeira Valéria, Teixeira Álvaro A C, Ortiz Antonio, Medina Pilar
Departamento de Agronomía-Entomología, Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife-PE, Brasil.
Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Av. Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, España.
J Econ Entomol. 2019 Feb 12;112(1):164-172. doi: 10.1093/jee/toy275.
A natural insecticide developed from the mixture of the essential oils (EOs) of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae), Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carriére (Pinaceae), and Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson (Myrtaceae) was studied. The mixture of oils caused high mortality (LD50 = 0.018 μl/insect) to the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a globally important pest, after topical application on adults. Based on the chemical characterization of biopesticide using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, many of the constituents had known insecticidal properties (the monoterpenes α-citronellal and E-citral and the sesquiterpernes α-himachalene and β-himachalene, all at concentrations above 15%). Phytotoxicity tests on orange trees demonstrated that this natural product was harmless when the mixture was applied diluted in water with a surfactant. The mixture of EOs was also harmless (1, IOBC category) to the biological control agent responsible for reducing populations of tephritids, the parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), following exposure to treated orange trees in a semifield assay within a greenhouse, but killed 46.2% of C. capitata (Szépligeti) adults after 72 h. Our results suggest that mixture of EOs has potential for use as an adulticide against medfly, although the production price was exceedingly high compared with that of commercial synthetic insecticides. Therefore, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages related to the potential use of this natural insecticide.
对一种由柠檬香茅（禾本科，Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf）、大西洋雪松（松科，Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carriére）和柠檬桉（桃金娘科，Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson）的精油（EOs）混合而成的天然杀虫剂进行了研究。将该混合精油局部施用于地中海实蝇成虫后，对这种全球重要害虫地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)，双翅目：实蝇科）造成了高死亡率（LD50 = 0.018 μl/昆虫）。基于使用气相色谱 - 质谱（GC - MS）分析对生物农药进行的化学表征，许多成分具有已知的杀虫特性（单萜类α - 香茅醛和反式 - 柠檬醛以及倍半萜类α - 喜玛拉烯和β - 喜玛拉烯，所有这些成分的浓度均高于15%）。对橙子树的植物毒性测试表明，当该混合物与表面活性剂一起用水稀释后施用时，这种天然产物是无害的。在温室中的半田间试验中，将混合精油施用于橙子树后，对负责减少实蝇种群的生物防治剂——寄生蜂康氏潜蝇茧蜂（Psyttalia concolor，膜翅目：茧蜂科）也是无害的（1级，国际生物防治组织（IOBC）分类），但在72小时后杀死了46.2%的地中海实蝇成虫。我们的结果表明，尽管与商业合成杀虫剂相比，该混合精油的生产成本极高，但它有潜力用作防治地中海实蝇的杀虫剂。因此，我们讨论了与这种天然杀虫剂潜在用途相关的优缺点。
