Departamento de Agronomia-Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil.
Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Av. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Ecotoxicology. 2020 Nov;29(9):1358-1367. doi: 10.1007/s10646-020-02258-5. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
Integrated Pest Management programs do not always prioritize natural enemies when selecting control methods; too often these important pest reducing agents are negatively affected by the action of other methods in agroecosystems. The aim of this research was to evaluate side effects of a bioinsecticide, developed from the mixture of cedar (Cedrus atlantica), eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oils (EOs), in a ratio of 1:1:1, on Psyttalia concolor (Szèpligeti) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) which is a parasitoid of some pests of the Tephritidae family, as Ceratitis capitata. The LD of the EOs mixture for C. capitata females was 3.09 µl/g, whereas the LD for P. concolor females was 20.45 µl/g which suggests the natural enemy is more tolerant to the EOs mixture. P. concolor parasitized L3 larvae of C. capitata through a voile treated with the mixture of EOs at 1.8% without causing any deleterious effects neither on the percentage of attacked hosts nor on the emergence rate, whereas at the highest concentration tested, 4.8%, decreased both parameters during the 2 first days after treatment. Semi-field assays showed that mixture of EOs was harmless to P. concolor when released 4 h after treatment whereas killed 55 ± 3.9% males and 37.5 ± 1.6% females of C. capitata. The mixture of EOs used jointly with lambda-cyhalothrin or kaolin, both compounds applied against C. capitata in conventional and organic farming, respectively, did not increase the toxicity and/or persistence against the pest.
综合虫害管理计划在选择控制方法时并不总是优先考虑天敌；这些重要的害虫减少剂经常会受到农业生态系统中其他方法的负面影响。本研究的目的是评估一种生物杀虫剂的副作用，该杀虫剂由雪松（Cedrus atlantica）、桉树（Corymbia citriodora）和柠檬草（Cymbopogon citratus）精油（EOs）以 1:1:1 的比例混合而成，对一些桃小食心虫科害虫的寄生蜂 Psyttalia concolor（Szèpligeti）（膜翅目：Braconidae），如地中海实蝇（Ceratitis capitata）。EOs 混合物对雌性地中海实蝇的 LD 为 3.09µl/g，而对雌性 Psyttalia concolor 的 LD 为 20.45µl/g，这表明天敌对 EOs 混合物更具耐受性。Psyttalia concolor 通过涂有 EOs 混合物的面纱寄生地中海实蝇的 L3 幼虫，浓度为 1.8%，不会对被攻击宿主的百分比或出蜂率产生任何有害影响，而在测试的最高浓度 4.8%下，这两个参数在处理后前两天均下降。半田间试验表明，在处理后 4 小时释放 EOs 混合物对 Psyttalia concolor 无害，而对地中海实蝇的雄性和雌性分别杀死 55±3.9%和 37.5±1.6%。当与 lambda-氯氰菊酯或高岭土联合使用时，EOs 混合物对地中海实蝇的毒性和/或持久性均没有增加，这两种化合物分别用于常规和有机农业防治地中海实蝇。
