Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
J Diabetes. 2019 Mar;11(3):193-203. doi: 10.1111/1753-0407.12860. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
Fish are good for your health in more ways than you may expect. For one, eating fish is a common dietary recommendation for a healthy diet. However, fish have much more to provide than omega-3 fatty acids to your circulatory system. Some fish species now serve as important and innovative model systems for diabetes research, providing novel and unique advantages compared with classical research models. Not surprisingly, the largest share of diabetes research in fish occurs in the laboratory workhorse among fish, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Established as a genetic model system to study development, these small cyprinid fish have eventually conquered almost every scientific discipline and, over the past decade, have emerged as an important model system for metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In this review we highlight the practicability of using zebrafish to study diabetes and hyperglycemia, and summarize some of the recent research and breakthroughs made using this model. Equally exciting is the appearance of another emerging discipline, one that is taking advantage of evolution by studying cases of naturally occurring insulin resistance in fish species. We briefly discuss two such models in this review, namely the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus).
鱼类对健康的益处比你想象的要多。首先，吃鱼是健康饮食的常见饮食建议。然而，鱼类为你的循环系统提供的不仅仅是欧米伽-3 脂肪酸。一些鱼类现在作为糖尿病研究的重要和创新模型系统，与经典研究模型相比，提供了新颖和独特的优势。毫不奇怪，鱼类中糖尿病研究最大的份额发生在实验室工作的斑马鱼（Danio rerio）中。作为研究发育的遗传模型系统，这些小型鲤科鱼类最终征服了几乎每一个科学领域，并且在过去十年中，已经成为代谢疾病（包括糖尿病）的重要模型系统。在这篇综述中，我们强调了使用斑马鱼研究糖尿病和高血糖的实用性，并总结了使用这种模型取得的一些最新研究和突破。同样令人兴奋的是另一个新兴学科的出现，它通过研究鱼类中胰岛素抵抗的自然发生案例，利用进化的优势。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了两个这样的模型，即虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）和洞穴鱼（Astyanax mexicanus）。
