一项关于四所牙科学院女牙科学生对性别偏见和性行为不端看法的国际调查。

An International Survey of Female Dental Students' Perceptions About Gender Bias and Sexual Misconduct at Four Dental Schools.

作者信息

Ivanoff Chris S, Luan Diana M, Hottel Timothy L, Andonov Bogomil, Ricci Volpato Luiz Evaristo, Kumar Reena R, Scarbecz Mark

机构信息

Chris S. Ivanoff, DDS, is Associate Professor of Bioscience Research and Director of Global Outreach, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Diana M. Luan, PhD, MS, MPA, is Assistant Professor of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics and Education Director, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD; Timothy L. Hottel, DDS, MS, MBA, DBA, is Professor of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, and Director of Statewide Oral Health Initiatives, University of Tennessee Health Science Center; Bogomil Andonov, DDS, MS, is Assistant Professor of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Luiz Evaristo Ricci Volpato, DDS, MS, PhD, is Professor. University of Cuiabá, Faculty of Dentistry, Cuiabá, Brazil; Reena R. Kumar, BDS, MDS, is Principal and Dean, Divya Jyoti College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India; Mark Scarbecz, MA, PhD, is Professor and Associate Dean for Institutional Affairs, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center

出版信息

J Dent Educ. 2018 Oct;82(10):1022-1035. doi: 10.21815/JDE.018.105.

DOI:10.21815/JDE.018.105

PMID:30275136

Abstract

As women enter the dental profession in increasing numbers in North America and around the world, the questions of how they perceive their environment and what kind of barriers they face are important subjects to be addressed. The aim of this study was to assess and compare women dental students' perceptions of bias in their environment and experiences of sexual misconduct at one dental school in each of four countries. In spring 2017, 1,293 female students at four dental schools in the U.S., Bulgaria, Brazil, and India were invited to participate in a 24-item survey developed by researchers from the four countries; 990 students responded (response rate 76.6%). The overall majority of the respondents reported thinking the admissions process at their school was fair (79.7%); but a fifth of U.S. and Brazilian students perceived their school was not fully embracing of females, with most Bulgarian students agreeing (87.2%) and all Indian students disagreeing. Most respondents overall perceived that male faculty members did not favor male students (79.5%) and did not think there was discrimination against female students by faculty (87.1%), but half of the U.S. respondents reported feeling discriminated against by both male faculty and male students. When the responses "I've been verbally harassed" and "I've been somewhat verbally harassed" were combined, 10.1% of the U.S. respondents reported verbal harassment, compared to 20% of Brazilian, 15% of Bulgarian, and 2% of Indian respondents. When the responses "I've been sexually assaulted" and "I've been somewhat sexually assaulted" were combined, 6% of U.S. respondents reported being sexually assaulted, compared to 6.2% of Brazilian, 2.5% of Bulgarian, and none of the Indian respondents. Almost half (46.9%) of these students overall perceived their school was not or only somewhat vigilant about issues of sexual misconduct, and only 54% said they would feel comfortable or very comfortable reporting misconduct. These results suggest that academic dental institutions in all four countries need improvements to make their environments more equitable and free of bias and sexual misconduct.

摘要

随着北美和世界各地越来越多的女性进入牙科行业，她们如何看待自己的环境以及面临何种障碍等问题成为需要探讨的重要课题。本研究的目的是评估和比较四个国家各一所牙科学院中女性牙科学生对其环境中偏见的认知以及性不当行为的经历。2017年春季，美国、保加利亚、巴西和印度四所牙科学院的1293名女学生受邀参与由这四个国家的研究人员编制的一份包含24个项目的调查问卷；990名学生做出了回应（回应率为76.6%）。总体上，大多数受访者表示认为其所在学校的录取过程是公平的（79.7%）；但五分之一的美国和巴西学生认为他们的学校没有充分接纳女性，大多数保加利亚学生表示认同（87.2%），而所有印度学生都表示不认同。总体而言，大多数受访者认为男性教员并不偏袒男学生（79.5%），也不认为教员对女学生存在歧视（87.1%），但一半的美国受访者表示感觉受到男性教员和男学生的歧视。当“我受到过言语骚扰”和“我受到过一定程度的言语骚扰”这两个回答合并计算时，10.1%的美国受访者报告受到过言语骚扰，相比之下，巴西受访者的这一比例为20%，保加利亚受访者为15%，印度受访者为2%。当“我遭受过性侵犯”和“我遭受过一定程度的性侵犯”这两个回答合并计算时，6%的美国受访者报告遭受过性侵犯，相比之下，巴西受访者的这一比例为6.2%，保加利亚受访者为2.5%，印度受访者中无人报告遭受过性侵犯。总体而言，近一半（46.9%）的这些学生认为他们的学校对性不当行为问题不够警惕或只是稍有警惕，只有54%的学生表示他们会放心或非常放心地举报不当行为。这些结果表明，所有四个国家的牙科学院都需要改进，以使他们的环境更加公平，没有偏见和性不当行为。