Melekhova O P
Ontogenez. 2017 Jan-Feb;48(1):73-83.
This article analyzes the problems of biosafety in terms of individual development patterns. Previously, the key role of epigenetic free radical processes in normal embryonic development of lower vertebrates in the formation of the competence and determination of embryonic primordia has been demonstrated, and a significant increase in the intensity of free radical process before every qualitative change in homeostatic mechanisms in developing organisms was found: in induction systems, before hatching of the embryo from the shells, and in preparation for metamorphosis. Thus, the activation of free radical processes in embryonic primordia corresponds to instability and characterizes the “critical periods of development” and increased sensitivity of the embryo to environmental impacts. Patented methods and a test system that allows detecting early biological effects of weak environmental impacts and predicting their environmental risk are presented. Possible mechanisms of significant biological effects of weak radiation and chemical impacts on the developing organism are discussed. The necessity of including embryonic objects in the protocol of testing the biosafety of technological developments is substantiated.
本文从个体发育模式的角度分析了生物安全问题。此前，已经证明了表观遗传自由基过程在低等脊椎动物正常胚胎发育中在胚胎原基的能力形成和决定方面的关键作用，并且发现在发育中的生物体稳态机制每次发生质的变化之前，自由基过程的强度会显著增加：在诱导系统中，在胚胎从卵壳孵化之前，以及在为变态做准备时。因此，胚胎原基中自由基过程的激活对应于不稳定性，并表征了“发育关键期”以及胚胎对环境影响的敏感性增加。本文介绍了专利方法和一种测试系统，该系统能够检测弱环境影响的早期生物学效应并预测其环境风险。讨论了弱辐射和化学影响对发育中生物体产生重大生物学效应的可能机制。阐述了将胚胎对象纳入技术发展生物安全测试方案的必要性。
