Pakyari H, Amir-Maafi M, Moghadamfar Z, Zalucki M
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran.
Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
Bull Entomol Res. 2019 Aug;109(4):435-442. doi: 10.1017/S0007485318000718. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
The development of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller), was evaluated at 10, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32.5°C with no lighting. None successfully completed development at 10 and 32.5°C. The total development time from egg to adult emergence was 164, 140, 98, 76, 61, 62 and 50 days, respectively, at the remaining temperatures. The developmental rate of E. kuehniella was described by the common linear model and six non-linear models. The lower temperature threshold for the immature stages and the thermal constant for E. kuehniella were 9°C and 1111 degree-days (DD) to complete development from egg to newly emerged adult. Non-linear models estimated the lower and upper thermal thresholds (Tmin and Tmax) and optimal temperature (Topt). The values of Tmax calculated by three nonlinear models ranged from 34°C to 46°C; Topt for each stage of development varied from 24 and 31°C, consistent with the temperature (30°C) at which the most rapid development occurred. Information on the threshold temperatures for development and thermal requirements can be utilized to predict E. kuehniella population dynamics and phenology and to evaluate optimal temperature conditions for mass rearing in stored products.
在地中海粉螟（Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller)）的发育过程中，研究人员在无光照条件下，于10、15、17.5、20、22.5、25、27.5、30和32.5°C的温度下对其进行了评估。在地中海粉螟在10°C和32.5°C时均未成功完成发育。在其余温度下，从卵到成虫羽化的总发育时间分别为164、140、98、76、61、62和50天。用常见的线性模型和六个非线性模型描述了地中海粉螟的发育速率。未成熟阶段的低温阈值和地中海粉螟从卵到新羽化成虫完成发育的热常数分别为9°C和1111度日（DD）。非线性模型估计了热下限和上限阈值（Tmin和Tmax）以及最适温度（Topt）。由三个非线性模型计算出的Tmax值范围为34°C至46°C；每个发育阶段的Topt在24°C至31°C之间变化，这与发育最快时的温度（30°C）一致。发育阈值温度和热需求的信息可用于预测地中海粉螟的种群动态和物候，并评估储存产品大规模饲养的最佳温度条件。
