Rawal Ritu, Vijay Sonam, Kadian Kavita, Adak Tridibesh, Pande Veena, Sharma Arun
Department of Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2018 Apr-Jun;55(2):98-110. doi: 10.4103/0972-9062.242570.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Salivary gland proteins play a pivotal role in blood feeding, epithelial interactions, and parasite transmission in mosquito vectors. Anopheles culicifacies is a complex of five sibling species, viz. A, B, C, D, and E, with diverse geographical distribution patterns. Among these, sibling species B has been identified as poor vector. Exploring the differentially expressed salivary proteins in An. culicifacies may potentially identify refractoriness factors during malaria parasite maturation and may help to elucidate the mechanism of refractoriness.
A comparative proteomic analysis was carried out using tandem mass tag (TMT) technology combined with LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analysis, to identify the differentially expressed salivary gland proteins among An. culicifacies species A (susceptible) and An. culicifacies species B (refractory) mosquitoes.
A total of 82 proteins were found to be differentially expressed. Out of these, seven proteins including TRIO, translation initiation factor 5C, glutathione S-transferase, and 5' nucleotidase were up-regulated, and 75 proteins including calreticulin, elongation factors, fructose biphosphatase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, histone proteins and anti-platelet proteins, etc. were down-regulated in refractory species. Analysis of KEGG pathways showed that the up-regulated proteins were related to fatty acid metabolism and RNA transport pathways.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: This comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and refractory An. culicifacies salivary gland proteins identifies the plausible role of the differential proteome in immune responses, digestion, energy, and carbon metabolic pathways. This information may serve as a basis for future work concerning the possible role of these proteins in refractoriness dependent metabolic function of mosquitoes.
唾液腺蛋白在蚊虫媒介的吸血、上皮细胞相互作用及寄生虫传播中起关键作用。库蚊按蚊是一个由五个近缘种组成的复合体，即A、B、C、D和E，具有不同的地理分布模式。其中，近缘种B已被确定为低效媒介。探索库蚊按蚊中差异表达的唾液蛋白可能有助于识别疟原虫成熟过程中的抗性因子，并有助于阐明抗性机制。
采用串联质谱标签（TMT）技术结合液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和生物信息学分析进行比较蛋白质组学分析，以鉴定库蚊按蚊A种（易感）和库蚊按蚊B种（抗性）蚊虫唾液腺中差异表达的蛋白质。
共发现82种蛋白质差异表达。其中，包括TRIO、翻译起始因子5C、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和5'核苷酸酶在内的7种蛋白质上调，而包括钙网蛋白、延伸因子、果糖双磷酸酶、异柠檬酸脱氢酶、组蛋白和抗血小板蛋白等在内的75种蛋白质在抗性物种中下调。KEGG通路分析表明，上调的蛋白质与脂肪酸代谢和RNA转运通路有关。
这种对易感和抗性库蚊按蚊唾液腺蛋白质的比较蛋白质组学分析确定了差异蛋白质组在免疫反应、消化、能量和碳代谢途径中的可能作用。这些信息可为今后研究这些蛋白质在蚊虫抗性相关代谢功能中的可能作用提供基础。
