Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018 Sep;22(18):5874-5891. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_201809_15916.
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy in adult kidneys. The American Cancer Society estimated 62,700 new cases and 14,240 deaths in 2018. Although early detection has improved in recent years, the treatment remains a challenge and reliable biomarkers for poor outcomes become necessary for the prevention of metastases and improve the quality of patients' life during and after treatment. Then, the current status of the search for new RCC biomarkers was discussed, as well as the latest discoveries in the RCC risk and metastatic treatment were discussed in this review.
Extensive research was carried out in the online databases and full-free text articles published in the last 5 years, or more when convenient, were evaluated. Articles were included that addressed the proposed theme and were published in the English language.
The present state of knowledge on biomarkers for RCC carcinogenesis and progression is still much to be understood about RCC risk factors and molecular pathways resulting in metastatic progression. Newest RCC target therapies were discussed, mainly in relation to immunological therapy, and vaccines that have been tested in numerous trials with different cancer types.
The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers or non-responder patients. Combined therapy between classical chemotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapies has been modifying the cancer patients prognosis and bringing the hope of a cure in many cases.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是成人肾脏中最常见的恶性肿瘤。美国癌症协会估计 2018 年有 62700 例新发病例和 14240 例死亡病例。尽管近年来早期检测有所改善，但治疗仍然是一个挑战，需要可靠的生物标志物来预测不良预后，以预防转移，并在治疗期间和治疗后提高患者的生活质量。因此，本文讨论了寻找新的 RCC 生物标志物的现状，以及 RCC 风险和转移治疗的最新发现。
在在线数据库中进行了广泛的研究，并评估了过去 5 年或更久的全文文章。本文纳入了与所提出的主题相关且以英文发表的文章。
目前对 RCC 发生和进展的生物标志物的了解仍然很少，需要更多地了解 RCC 的危险因素和导致转移进展的分子途径。讨论了最新的 RCC 靶向治疗方法，主要与免疫治疗和疫苗有关，这些方法已在许多不同癌症类型的试验中进行了测试。
靶向治疗的发展彻底改变了晚期和转移性癌症或无反应患者的治疗方法。经典化疗和辅助免疫治疗的联合治疗一直在改变癌症患者的预后，并在许多情况下带来了治愈的希望。
