Paul Elizabeth S, Edgar Joanne L, Caplen Gina, Nicol Christine J
Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK.
Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2018 Oct;207:39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.07.007.
When measuring animals' valenced behavioural responses to stimuli, the Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) test goes a step further than many approach-based and avoidance-based tests by establishing whether a learned preference for, or aversion to, the location in which the stimulus was encountered can be generated. We designed a novel, four-chambered CPP test to extend the capability of the usual CPP paradigm to provide information on four key features of animals' affective responses: valence, scale, persistence and generalization. Using this test, we investigated the affective responses of domestic chickens () to four potentially aversive stimuli: 1. Puffs of air; 2. Sight of (robotic) snake; 3. Sprays of water; 4. Sound of conspecific alarm calls. We found conditioned avoidance of locations associated with the air puffs and water sprays (Friedman's χ = 13.323 p > .005; χ = 14.235 p > .005), but not with the snake and alarm calls. The scale of the learned avoidance was similar for the air puff and water spray stimuli, but persistence and generalization differed. We conclude that the four chambered CPP test can have a valuable role to play in making multi-feature measurements of stimulus-generated affective responses, and we highlight the value of such measurements for improving our understanding of the structure of affect in chickens and other animals.
在测量动物对刺激的效价行为反应时，条件性位置偏好（CPP）测试比许多基于接近和回避的测试更进一步，它能够确定是否可以产生对遇到刺激的位置的习得性偏好或厌恶。我们设计了一种新颖的四室CPP测试，以扩展常规CPP范式的能力，从而提供有关动物情感反应四个关键特征的信息：效价、程度、持续性和泛化性。使用该测试，我们研究了家鸡对四种潜在厌恶刺激的情感反应：1. 一阵空气；2. （机器人）蛇的视觉；3. 喷水；4. 同种警报声。我们发现，家鸡对与吹气和喷水相关的位置表现出条件性回避（Friedman检验，χ² = 13.323，p >.005；χ² = 14.235，p >.005），但对蛇和警报声没有表现出条件性回避。对吹气和喷水刺激的习得性回避程度相似，但持续性和泛化性有所不同。我们得出结论，四室CPP测试在对刺激产生的情感反应进行多特征测量方面可以发挥重要作用，并且我们强调了此类测量对于增进我们对鸡和其他动物情感结构理解的价值。
