非药物干预措施对改善老年卒中幸存者卒中后日常生活活动和残疾的效果:系统评价。

Non-pharmacological interventions for the improvement of post-stroke activities of daily living and disability amongst older stroke survivors: A systematic review.

机构信息

Department of Old Age Medicine, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2018 Oct 4;13(10):e0204774. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204774. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Globally, stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability, with older adults disproportionately affected. Numerous non-pharmacological stroke rehabilitation approaches are in use to address impairments, but their efficacy in older persons is largely unknown. This systematic review examined the evidence for such interventions as part of the Optimal Evidence-Based Non-Drug Therapies in Older Persons (ONTOP) project conducted under an European Union funded project called the Software Engine for the Assessment and Optimisation of Drug and Non-Drug Therapies in Older Persons (SENATOR) [http://www.senator-project.eu]. A Delphi panel of European geriatric experts agreed activities of daily living and disability to be of critical importance as stroke rehabilitation outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy was developed and five databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) searched for eligible systematic reviews. Primary studies meeting our criteria (non-pharmacologic interventions, involving stroke survivors aged ≥65 years, assessing activities of daily living and/or disability as outcome) were then identified from these reviews. Eligible papers were double reviewed, and due to heterogeneity, narrative analysis performed. Cochrane risk of bias and GRADE assessment tools were used to assess bias and quality of evidence, allowing us to make recommendations regarding specific non-pharmacologic rehabilitation in older stroke survivors. In total, 72 primary articles were reviewed spanning 14 types of non-pharmacological intervention. Non-pharmacological interventions based on physiotherapy and occupational therapy techniques improved activities of daily living amongst older stroke survivors. However, no evidence was found to support use of any non-pharmacological approach to benefit older stroke survivors' disability. Evidence was limited by poor study quality and the small number of studies targeting older stroke survivors. We recommend future studies explore such interventions exclusively in older adult populations and improve methodological and outcome reporting.

摘要

全球范围内,中风仍然是导致死亡和残疾的主要原因,老年人受影响的比例不成比例。有许多非药物性中风康复方法用于解决功能障碍,但它们在老年人中的疗效在很大程度上尚不清楚。本系统评价审查了这些干预措施的证据,作为在欧盟资助的一个名为“用于评估和优化老年人药物和非药物治疗的软件引擎”(SENATOR)的项目下进行的“老年人最佳循证非药物治疗”(ONTOP)项目的一部分。一个欧洲老年专家德尔菲小组一致认为,日常生活活动和残疾是中风康复结果的关键重要性。制定了一项全面的搜索策略,并在五个数据库(Pubmed、CINAHL、Embase、PsycInfo 和 Cochrane 系统评价数据库)中搜索合格的系统评价。然后从这些综述中确定符合我们标准的(非药物干预,涉及年龄≥65 岁的中风幸存者,评估日常生活活动和/或残疾作为结果)的主要研究。合格的论文进行了双重审查,并由于存在异质性,进行了叙述性分析。使用 Cochrane 偏倚风险和 GRADE 评估工具来评估偏倚和证据质量,使我们能够就老年中风幸存者的特定非药物康复提出建议。总共审查了 72 篇主要文章,涵盖了 14 种非药物干预措施。基于物理治疗和职业治疗技术的非药物干预措施改善了老年中风幸存者的日常生活活动能力。然而,没有证据表明任何非药物方法对老年中风幸存者的残疾有益。证据受到研究质量差和针对老年中风幸存者的研究数量少的限制。我们建议未来的研究专门在老年人群中探索这些干预措施,并改善方法学和结果报告。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a023/6171865/49bcadac2c3b/pone.0204774.g001.jpg

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