Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F570, Building 500, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
Division of Substance Dependence, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop F570, Building 500, 13001 East 17th Place, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, 1480 30th Street, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
Addict Behav. 2019 Feb;89:98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.025. Epub 2018 Sep 25.
In addition to the health hazards posed individually by cigarette smoking and obesity, the combination of these conditions poses a particular impairment to health. Genetic factors have been shown to influence both traits and, to understand the connection between these conditions, we examined both the observed and genetic relationship between adiposity (an electrical impedance measure of body mass index (BMI)) and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) in a large sample of current, former, and never smokers in the United Kingdom. In former smokers, BMI was positively associated with cigarettes formerly smoked; further, the genetic factors related to a greater number of cigarettes smoked were also responsible for a higher BMI. In current smokers, there was a positive association between BMI and number of cigarettes smoked, though this relationship did not appear to be influenced by similar genetic factors. We found a positive genetic relationship between smoking in current/former smokers and BMI in never smokers (who would be unmarred by the effects of nicotine). In addition to CPD, in current smokers, we looked at two variables, time from waking to first cigarette and difficulty not smoking for a day, that may align better with cigarette and food 'craving.' However, these smoking measures provided mixed findings with respect to their relationship with BMI. Overall, the positive relationships between the genetic factors that influence CPD in smokers and the genetic factors that influence BMI in former and never smokers point to common biological influences behind smoking and obesity.
除了吸烟和肥胖单独带来的健康危害外，这两种情况同时存在还会对健康造成特别大的损害。遗传因素已被证明会影响这两种特征，为了了解这些情况之间的联系，我们研究了英国大样本的当前吸烟者、曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者中，肥胖（身体质量指数（BMI）的电阻抗测量）与每天吸烟量（CPD）之间的观察到的和遗传关系。在曾经吸烟者中，BMI 与以前吸过的香烟数量呈正相关；此外，与吸烟量增加相关的遗传因素也导致 BMI 更高。在当前吸烟者中，BMI 与吸烟量之间存在正相关关系，但这种关系似乎不受类似遗传因素的影响。我们发现，当前/曾经吸烟者的吸烟量与从不吸烟者的 BMI 之间存在正遗传关系（从不吸烟者不会受到尼古丁影响）。除了 CPD 外，我们还在当前吸烟者中观察了两个变量，即从醒来到第一支烟的时间和一天不吸烟的难度，这两个变量可能与吸烟和食物的“渴望”更相关。然而，这些吸烟指标与 BMI 的关系存在混合结果。总体而言，影响吸烟者 CPD 的遗传因素与影响曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者 BMI 的遗传因素之间的正相关关系表明，吸烟和肥胖背后存在共同的生物学影响。
