中国森林、草原和荒漠土壤中钚和锔的分布和迁移特征。
Distinctive distributions and migrations of Pu and Am in Chinese forest, grassland and desert soils.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
出版信息
Chemosphere. 2018 Dec;212:1002-1009. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.021. Epub 2018 Sep 4.
The vertical distributions and downward migrations of the global fallout derived Pu and Am in diverse types of Chinese soils (forest, grassland and desert) were studied. The mean Pu and Am activity concentrations in the investigated soil cores were 0.28-0.69 mBq/g and 0.13-0.37 mBq/g, respectively, while the accumulative inventories were 61.53-138.99 Bq/m for Pu and 28.29-61.05 Bq/m for Am. The convection-dispersion equation (CDE) was used to calculate the migration parameters of Pu and higher apparent dispersion coefficients (D) were observed for the acidic forest soils compared with the alkaline grassland and desert soils; meanwhile a compartment model was employed to compare the migration of Pu and Am in successive soil layers which showed that the migration behaviors of Pu and Am were rather similar; both velocities were less than 0.3 cm/y in diverse types of soils and these findings were compatible with those of short-term laboratory simulation experiments in China.
研究了全球沉降衍生的 Pu 和 Am 在不同类型中国土壤（森林、草原和沙漠）中的垂直分布和向下迁移。在所研究的土壤芯中，Pu 和 Am 的平均活度浓度分别为 0.28-0.69 mBq/g 和 0.13-0.37 mBq/g，而 Pu 的累积活度为 61.53-138.99 Bq/m，Am 的累积活度为 28.29-61.05 Bq/m。采用对流-弥散方程（CDE）计算 Pu 的迁移参数，发现酸性森林土壤的表观弥散系数（D）明显高于碱性草原和沙漠土壤；同时采用隔室模型比较了 Pu 和 Am 在连续土壤层中的迁移，结果表明 Pu 和 Am 的迁移行为非常相似；在不同类型的土壤中，迁移速度均小于 0.3 cm/y，这些发现与中国短期实验室模拟实验的结果一致。
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