大湄公河次区域（GMS）流动及被贩运的商业渔民和海员的职业、身体、性与心理健康及暴力问题：系统综述

Occupational, physical, sexual and mental health and violence among migrant and trafficked commercial fishers and seafarers from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): systematic review.

作者信息

Pocock Nicola S, Nguyen Long Hoang, Lucero-Prisno Iii Don Eliseo, Zimmerman Cathy, Oram Siân

机构信息

1Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London, WC1H 9SH UK.

2United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.

出版信息

Glob Health Res Policy. 2018 Oct 1;3:28. doi: 10.1186/s41256-018-0083-x. eCollection 2018.

DOI:10.1186/s41256-018-0083-x

PMID:30288452

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6166293/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the health of GMS commercial fishers and seafarers, many of whom are migrants and some trafficked. This systematic review summarizes evidence on occupational, physical, sexual and mental health and violence among GMS commercial fishers/seafarers.

METHODS

We searched 5 electronic databases and purposively searched grey literature. Quantitative or qualitative studies reporting prevalence or risk of relevant outcomes were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles. Data were extracted on nationality and long/short-haul fishing where available.

RESULTS

We identified 33 eligible papers from 27 studies. Trafficked fishers/seafarers were included in =12/13 grey literature and =1/20 peer-reviewed papers. Among peer-reviewed papers: 11 focused on HIV/AIDS/sexual health; nine on occupational/physical health; one study included mental health of trafficked fishers. Violence was quantitatively measured in eight papers with prevalence of: 11-26% in port convenience samples; 68-100% in post-trafficking service samples. Commercial fishers/seafarers whether trafficked or not worked extremely long hours; trafficked long-haul fishers had very limited access to care following injuries or illness. Lesser-known risks reported among fishers included penile oil injections and beriberi. We found just one work safety intervention study and inconclusive evidence for differences in the outcomes by nationality. Findings are limited by methodological weaknesses of primary studies.

CONCLUSION

Results show an absence of high-quality epidemiological studies beyond sexual health. Formative and pilot intervention research on occupational, physical and mental health among GMS commercial fishers and seafarers is needed. Future studies should include questions about violence and exploitation. Ethical and reporting standards of grey literature should be improved.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

Review registration number: PROSPERO 2014: CRD42014009656.

摘要

背景

关于大湄公河次区域商业渔民和海员的健康状况所知甚少，他们中许多人是移民，有些还是被贩运者。本系统评价总结了关于大湄公河次区域商业渔民/海员的职业、身体、性健康和心理健康以及暴力方面的证据。

方法

我们检索了5个电子数据库，并特意检索了灰色文献。纳入报告相关结局患病率或风险的定量或定性研究。两名评价员独立筛选文章。如有可用数据，则提取国籍以及长途/短途捕鱼方面的数据。

结果

我们从27项研究中确定了33篇符合条件的论文。被贩运的渔民/海员出现在12/13篇灰色文献和1/20篇同行评审论文中。在同行评审论文中：11篇关注艾滋病毒/艾滋病/性健康；9篇关注职业/身体健康；1项研究涉及被贩运渔民的心理健康。8篇论文对暴力进行了定量测量，港口便利样本中的患病率为11%-26%；贩运后服务样本中的患病率为68%-100%。商业渔民/海员无论是否被贩运，工作时间都极长；被贩运的长途渔民受伤或患病后获得医疗护理的机会非常有限。渔民中报告的鲜为人知的风险包括阴茎注射油剂和脚气病。我们仅找到1项工作安全干预研究，关于国籍对结局影响的证据尚无定论。研究结果受到原始研究方法学缺陷的限制。