Institute for Land, Water and Society, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
J Anal Toxicol. 2019 Mar 1;43(2):144-148. doi: 10.1093/jat/bky073.
The fraction of any surface-adsorbed contaminant available for absorption is considered the bioaccessible fraction. Applied previously to contaminants such as pesticides and heavy metals on surfaces such as soil, food and cosmetics, the term may also be used to describe the fraction of drug residue bound to work surfaces which may be mobilized via contact transfer with human skin. Police station work surfaces have been shown to commonly contain low levels of drug residues as thin films; however, no information is available on how readily these residues may be transferred to human skin during direct or glancing contact. A bioaccessibility study was undertaken in which jojoba oil and artificial sebum were used to mimic human sebum to identify how readily a mix of six licit and illicit drugs were transferred from three commonly used police station work surfaces. Transfer from surfaces was slightly greater for jojoba oil than sebum when using a direct pressure contact or a wiping motion. Generally, less than 5% of applied residues were recovered via direct contact, and up to 10% when a wiping motion was used to simulate a glancing contact. While swabbing of work surfaces with methanol provides a suitable environmental audit of drug residues present, it does not represent the bioaccessible fraction of residues available for contact transfer, and hence, absorption via skin or unintentional ingestion. The current study indicates that the ability of sebum to mobilize drug residues from thin films on work surfaces via casual contact is limited, and sebum may potentially assist in the preservation of residues on pitted work surfaces and on skin.
表面吸附污染物中可被吸收的部分被认为是生物可及部分。该术语以前曾用于描述表面（如土壤、食品和化妆品）上的农药和重金属等污染物的可及部分，也可用于描述与工作表面结合的药物残留的部分，这些药物残留可能通过与人体皮肤的接触转移而被动员。研究表明，警察局工作表面通常含有低水平的药物残留薄膜；然而，目前尚不清楚这些残留物质在直接或擦过接触期间通过直接或擦过接触转移到人体皮肤的速度有多快。进行了一项生物可及性研究，其中使用霍霍巴油和人造皮脂来模拟人体皮脂，以确定六种合法和非法药物的混合物从三种常用警察局工作表面转移的速度。使用直接压力接触或擦拭运动时，从表面转移的霍霍巴油比皮脂略多。通常，通过直接接触回收的应用残留量不到 5%，而当使用擦拭运动模拟擦过接触时，回收的残留量可达 10%。虽然用甲醇擦拭工作表面是对存在的药物残留进行适当环境审计的一种方法，但它不能代表接触转移可用的残留的生物可及部分，因此不能通过皮肤或无意识摄入来吸收。目前的研究表明，皮脂通过偶然接触从工作表面的薄膜中动员药物残留的能力有限，并且皮脂可能有助于在有凹痕的工作表面和皮肤上保留残留。
