a Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism , Maastricht University Medical Centre+ , Maastricht , The Netherlands.
b Department of Research & Education , CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure , Horn , The Netherlands.
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2018 Dec;12(12):1061-1074. doi: 10.1080/17476348.2018.1533405. Epub 2018 Oct 14.
: Cognitive impairment (CI) is an important but an under-recognized extra-pulmonary feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is related to the burden of disability, worse health outcomes, and impaired self-management. : CI includes deterioration of a wide range of cognitive functions, such as memory and various executive functions. Risk of hospitalization might be higher in patients with COPD compared to those without, with CI negatively impacting the wellbeing of patients with COPD. Disease-specific factors such as hypoxemia and inflammation, lifestyle factors such as dietary insufficiencies and lack of physical activity, and comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea and depression are likely to synergistically contribute to the development of CI in COPD. Tailored interventions can possibly improve CI in COPD, but this needs further investigation. : Further research is warranted involving the optimization of neuropsychological testing for screening and outcome assessment, longitudinal studies to investigate the development of CI in COPD over time, and randomized clinical trials to test the feasibility and efficacy of promising interventions.
认知障碍（CI）是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的一种重要但未被充分认识的肺外特征。它与残疾负担、更差的健康结局和自我管理受损有关。CI 包括一系列认知功能的恶化，如记忆和各种执行功能。与无 CI 的 COPD 患者相比，COPD 患者的住院风险可能更高，CI 对 COPD 患者的幸福感产生负面影响。疾病特异性因素，如低氧血症和炎症，生活方式因素，如饮食不足和缺乏身体活动，以及合并症，如阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和抑郁症，可能协同导致 COPD 中 CI 的发生。有针对性的干预措施可能会改善 COPD 中的 CI，但这需要进一步的研究。需要进一步的研究，包括优化神经心理学测试进行筛查和结果评估、进行纵向研究以调查 COPD 中 CI 的随时间发展，以及进行随机临床试验以测试有前途的干预措施的可行性和疗效。
