Iffland Benjamin, Wiggert Nicole, Neuner Frank, Blechert Jens
Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Postbox 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany.
Biol Psychol. 2018 Nov;139:152-162. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Oct 5.
Physiological stress responses vary as a function of adverse childhood experiences. However, previous studies concentrate on familial sources of childhood adversity. Potential long-term effects of peer victimization on physiology and affective responses are less known. This study examined cardiac, facial-muscular, and experiential responses to social evaluative stimuli in ninety-four healthy subjects with various degrees of experienced peer victimization. In a social conditioning task, peer victimization was associated with similarly attenuated cardiac and facial-muscular responses to negative and neutral stimuli, while differentiated physiological responses to negative and neutral stimuli were found in subjects without peer victimization. Overall, increased ratings of arousal, valence and disapproval for negative compared to neutral stimuli were found. Contrary to the physiological response, peer victimization was associated with more negative ratings of negative stimuli one month after acquisition. The results suggest that the physiological and experiential reactivity towards both negative and neutral social stimuli is affected by the experience of peer victimization. Peer victimization causes generalized autonomic dysregulation and memory recall biases during social learning impeding adequate response preparation to social stressors.
生理应激反应会因童年不良经历而有所不同。然而，以往的研究集中在童年逆境的家庭来源上。同伴受害对生理和情感反应的潜在长期影响鲜为人知。本研究调查了94名有不同程度同伴受害经历的健康受试者对社会评价性刺激的心脏、面部肌肉和体验反应。在一项社会条件任务中，同伴受害与对负面和中性刺激的心脏和面部肌肉反应同样减弱有关，而在没有同伴受害经历的受试者中发现了对负面和中性刺激的不同生理反应。总体而言，与中性刺激相比，对负面刺激的唤醒、效价和不赞成评分有所增加。与生理反应相反，同伴受害与习得一个月后对负面刺激的更负面评分有关。结果表明，同伴受害经历会影响对负面和中性社会刺激的生理和体验反应。同伴受害会导致在社会学习过程中出现全身性自主神经调节障碍和记忆回忆偏差，从而妨碍对社会应激源做出充分的反应准备。
