School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Jan 1;173:210-216. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.079. Epub 2018 Oct 1.
Caseins are a family of proteins constituted by α-caseins (αs-1 and αs-2 caseins), β-caseins and κ-caseins. β-caseins, in particular, show a temperature and concentration-dependent self-assembling behaviour. Recently, β-casein micelles have been proposed as natural nanocarriers for the delivery of hydrophobic compounds, promoting their bioavailability. Until now, all studies regarding both chemical-physical characterization and applications of β-caseins have employed the protein of bovine origin. However, it could be interesting to exploit the use of β-caseins from other milk sources for their potential encapsulation ability and immunogenicity but, at present, no information on the self-assembling behaviour is available for β-caseins from the milk of species different from bovine. In this work, for the first time, β-caseins from human milk and from donkey, goat, and sheep milk were purified and their self-assembling behaviour was compared to that of a commercial bovine β-casein, the only one for which the concentration and temperature aggregation behaviour is known. Furthermore, a preliminary evaluation of the immunogenicity potential of β-casein from other milk sources has been performed by cross-reaction experiments using anti-β-casein antibodies from bovine origin. The results indicated a similar self-assembling profile among all β-caseins examined compared to the bovine β-casein, suggesting the possible use of β-casein from other milk sources as nanocarriers. Since donkey and human β-casein do not cross-react with bovine anti-β-casein antibodies, they could be particularly interesting for the development of self-assembling systems with lower hypoallergenic potential.
-caseins 是一组由 α-caseins（αs-1 和 αs-2-caseins）、β-caseins 和 κ-caseins 组成的蛋白质。β-caseins 尤其具有依赖温度和浓度的自组装行为。最近，β-casein 胶束被提议作为递送疏水性化合物的天然纳米载体，以提高其生物利用度。到目前为止，所有关于 β-casein 的化学物理特性表征和应用的研究都使用了牛源的蛋白质。然而，利用其他乳源的 β-casein 来发挥其潜在的包封能力和免疫原性可能会很有趣，但目前，对于来自非牛源的 β-casein 的自组装行为还没有任何信息。在这项工作中，首次纯化了人乳和驴、山羊和绵羊乳中的 β-casein，并将其自组装行为与唯一已知浓度和温度聚集行为的商业牛源 β-casein 进行了比较。此外，还通过使用牛源抗-β-casein 抗体进行交叉反应实验，对其他乳源 β-casein 的免疫原性潜力进行了初步评估。结果表明，与牛源 β-casein 相比，所有检测到的 β-casein 具有相似的自组装谱，这表明可以将其他乳源的 β-casein 用作纳米载体。由于驴和人 β-casein 与牛源抗-β-casein 抗体不发生交叉反应，因此它们对于开发潜在低过敏性的自组装系统可能特别有趣。
