Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom.
Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720.
Evolution. 2018 Dec;72(12):2749-2757. doi: 10.1111/evo.13623. Epub 2018 Oct 21.
Genotypic trade-offs are fundamental to the understanding of the evolution of life-history traits. In particular, the evolution of optimal host defense and the maintenance of variation in defense against infectious disease is thought to be underpinned by such evolutionary trade-offs. However, empirical demonstrations of these trade-offs that satisfy the strict assumptions made by theoretical models are rare. Additionally, none of these trade-offs have yet been shown to be robustly replicable using a variety of different experimental approaches to rule out confounding issues with particular experimental designs. Here, we use inbred isolines as a novel experimental approach to test whether a trade-off between viral resistance and growth rate in Plodia interpunctella, previously demonstrated by multiple selection experiments, is robust and meets the strict criteria required to underpin theoretical work in this field. Critically, we demonstrate that this trade-off is both genetic and constitutive. This finding helps support the large body of theory that relies on these assumptions, and makes this trade-off for resistance unique in being replicated through multiple experimental approaches and definitively shown to be genetic and constitutive.
基因型权衡是理解生活史特征进化的基础。特别是，对最佳宿主防御的进化和对传染病防御的变异的维持被认为是由这种进化权衡所支撑的。然而，满足理论模型严格假设的这些权衡的经验证明很少见。此外，到目前为止，还没有使用各种不同的实验方法来证明这些权衡是稳健可复制的，这些方法可以排除特定实验设计的混杂问题。在这里，我们使用近交系作为一种新的实验方法来测试 Plodia interpunctella 中病毒抗性和生长速度之间的权衡是否稳健，这一权衡之前已经通过多个选择实验证明，并且符合支撑该领域理论工作的严格标准。至关重要的是，我们证明了这种权衡是遗传的和组成型的。这一发现有助于支持依赖于这些假设的大量理论，并且使这种抗性权衡成为通过多种实验方法复制并明确证明是遗传和组成型的独特权衡。
