Schwenke Robin A, Lazzaro Brian P, Wolfner Mariana F
Field of Genetics, Genomics, and Development.
Department of Entomology.
Annu Rev Entomol. 2016;61:239-56. doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023924. Epub 2015 Dec 11.
Immune defense and reproduction are physiologically and energetically demanding processes and have been observed to trade off in a diversity of female insects. Increased reproductive effort results in reduced immunity, and reciprocally, infection and activation of the immune system reduce reproductive output. This trade-off can manifest at the physiological level (within an individual) and at the evolutionary level (genetic distinction among individuals in a population). The resource allocation model posits that the trade-off arises because of competition for one or more limiting resources, and we hypothesize that pleiotropic signaling mechanisms regulate allocation of that resource between reproductive and immune processes. We examine the role of juvenile hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-like signaling in regulating both oogenesis and immune system activity, and propose a signaling network that may mechanistically regulate the trade-off. Finally, we discuss implications of the trade-off in an ecological and evolutionary context.
免疫防御和繁殖是生理上和能量上需求很高的过程，并且在多种雌性昆虫中已观察到它们之间存在权衡。繁殖投入的增加会导致免疫力下降，反之，免疫系统的感染和激活会降低繁殖产量。这种权衡可以在生理水平（个体内部）和进化水平（种群中个体之间的遗传差异）上表现出来。资源分配模型假定这种权衡的产生是由于对一种或多种有限资源的竞争，并且我们假设多效性信号传导机制调节该资源在生殖和免疫过程之间的分配。我们研究了保幼激素、20-羟基蜕皮酮和胰岛素/胰岛素样生长因子样信号传导在调节卵子发生和免疫系统活动中的作用，并提出了一个可能在机制上调节这种权衡的信号网络。最后，我们讨论了这种权衡在生态和进化背景下的意义。
