Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2019 Feb;47(1):71-77. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12426. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
To examine any change over time in the association between deprivation and caries experience between 2003 and 2013 in a nationally representative sample of UK children.
Data from UK Children's Dental Health Surveys, 2003 and 2013, were used. The target population was 5-, 8-, 12- and 15-year-olds. A total of 9604 children in 2003 and 9866 in 2013 were included in the surveys. Outcome variables were any active caries, caries experience and total number of carious teeth. Family socio-economic position (SEP) or deprivation level was measured at school level using eligibility for free school meals (FSM) to identify children from low-income families. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and pooled standardized incidence rates ratios were calculated to measure dichotomous outcome variables by year, age group and status of deprivation. The study continuous outcome was modelled using a zero-inflated Poisson regression while the dichotomous outcomes were modelled using logistic regressions. The multivariable analyses were run by age groups accounting for year, sex and deprivation status.
The percentage of those identified as deprived was significantly higher in 2013 (35.8% in 2013 vs 26.0% in 2003, P < 0.001). Among both deprived and non-deprived children, the prevalence of any active caries significantly dropped over the years, observed in all age groups. Comparing 2013 with 2003 and accounting for sex, deprivation level, "any active caries," "any caries experience" and "total number of carious teeth" significantly dropped were observed in all age groups. Comparing the years, the association of deprivation with caries outcomes mostly remained the same or decreased. This decrease was predominantly seen in "any caries experience." Only among the 5-year-olds, did the association between deprivation and total number of carious teeth over the years significantly increase. For all age groups, the likelihood of "any active caries" and "total number of carious teeth" by deprivation remained the same comparing the two points in time: 2003 and 2013. However, irrespective of year, deprivation was significantly associated with caries observed in all age groups.
In the UK, the prevalence of active dental caries and caries experience has decreased in the period between 2003 and 2013. Similarly, the likelihood of having dental caries by deprivation in 2013 was predominantly lower than that observed in 2003.
在英国儿童全国代表性样本中，研究从 2003 年到 2013 年期间，贫困与龋齿经历之间的关联随时间发生的任何变化。
本研究使用了英国儿童口腔健康调查（2003 年和 2013 年）的数据。目标人群是 5 岁、8 岁、12 岁和 15 岁的儿童。共有 9604 名儿童参加了 2003 年的调查，9866 名儿童参加了 2013 年的调查。结果变量是任何活动性龋齿、龋齿经历和龋齿总数。家庭社会经济地位（SEP）或贫困程度在学校层面通过免费学校膳食（FSM）的资格来衡量，以确定来自低收入家庭的儿童。通过年度、年龄组和贫困状况计算发病率比（IRR）和汇总标准化发病率比来衡量二分变量结果。使用零膨胀泊松回归模型来模拟研究的连续结果，而使用逻辑回归模型来模拟二分结果。在考虑年度、性别和贫困状况的情况下，按年龄组运行多变量分析。
2013 年被确定为贫困的比例明显高于 2003 年（2013 年为 35.8%，2003 年为 26.0%，P<0.001）。在贫困和非贫困儿童中，所有年龄组都观察到，多年来，任何活动性龋齿的患病率都显著下降。与 2003 年相比，在所有年龄组中，2013 年“任何活动性龋齿”、“任何龋齿经历”和“龋齿总数”都显著下降。比较年份时，贫困与龋齿结果之间的关联基本保持不变或减弱。这种下降主要见于“任何龋齿经历”。只有在 5 岁儿童中，多年来，贫困与龋齿总数之间的关联显著增加。对于所有年龄组，比较两个时间点（2003 年和 2013 年），贫困与“任何活动性龋齿”和“龋齿总数”的相关性保持不变。然而，无论年份如何，贫困与所有年龄组的龋齿都有显著关联。
在英国，2003 年至 2013 年间，活动性龋齿和龋齿经历的流行率有所下降。同样，2013 年，贫困导致龋齿的可能性主要低于 2003 年。
