Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Mount Holyoke College , South Hadley , Massachusetts , USA.
Med Anthropol. 2019 Aug-Sep;38(6):493-507. doi: 10.1080/01459740.2018.1510394. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
The Costa Rican Constitutional Court banned in vitro fertilization in 2000, citing the inviolability of life. Conservatives hoped the ban would initiate a hemispheric movement to protect the unborn. But in 2012 the Inter-American Court of Human Rights ruled that reproductive rights are human rights and that women's rights take precedence over embryo rights. The episode precipitated a national identity crisis: how could a country that supports universal health care be labeled a human rights violator as a result of its efforts to protect nascent human life? Expanding the health and human rights framework helps us appreciate how IVF became Costa Rica's human rights crucible.
2000 年，哥斯达黎加宪法法院以生命不可侵犯为由禁止体外受精，并希望该禁令能引发保护胎儿的泛美运动。但 2012 年，美洲人权法院裁定生殖权利是人权，妇女权利优先于胚胎权利。这一事件引发了一场国家认同危机：一个支持全民医疗保健的国家，怎么会因为保护初生人类生命而被贴上侵犯人权的标签呢？扩大卫生和人权框架有助于我们理解体外受精是如何成为哥斯达黎加人权试金石的。
