Tulay Pınar, Atılan Okan
Department of Medical Genetics, Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
Near East University, Research Centre of Experimental Health Sciences, Nicosia, Cyprus
J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2019 Nov 28;20(4):236-242. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2018.2018.0110. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
In the recent years, oocyte donation programmes have widely spread worldwide becoming the drive of health tourism. In some countries, donation programmes are tightly regulated, whereas in others, the guidelines or regulations are not well defined. To evaluate donors’ awareness of the donation programmes and the ethical consequences in enrolling these programmes.
A detailed questionnaire-based survey was conducted to evaluate the donors’ main drive to get involved in the donation programme and the donor’s knowledge and awareness of risk factors.
The majority of the donors (70%) were undergoing donation programmes for financial gains through compensation. The donors were especially not aware of the long-term medical risks and the possibility of identity exposure through genetic screening.
The main duty of health professionals is to counsel donors about the basic procedures and any possible problems they may face during the donation programmes. Reimbursement of oocyte donors is a slippery slope in oocyte donation programmes. High compensation may make women think that donation is a profession without considering possible risks. Furthermore, with the wider use of direct-to-consumer genetic testing, and genetic anonymity may be at risk, thus the donors have to be counselled properly. Therefore, in this era of health tourism, it is crucial to set up well-defined counselling bodies in all oocyte donation centres and enable donors to make an informed choice in becoming oocyte donors.
近年来，卵母细胞捐赠项目在全球广泛传播，成为健康旅游的驱动力。在一些国家，捐赠项目受到严格监管，而在其他国家，指导方针或法规并不明确。评估捐赠者对捐赠项目的认知以及参与这些项目的伦理后果。
开展了一项基于详细问卷的调查，以评估捐赠者参与捐赠项目的主要动机以及捐赠者对风险因素的了解和认知。
大多数捐赠者（70%）参与捐赠项目是为了通过补偿获得经济利益。捐赠者尤其不了解长期医疗风险以及通过基因筛查暴露身份的可能性。
医疗专业人员的主要职责是向捐赠者咨询捐赠项目的基本程序以及他们在项目过程中可能面临的任何问题。卵母细胞捐赠项目中对卵母细胞捐赠者的补偿是一个棘手的问题。高额补偿可能会让女性认为捐赠是一种职业而不考虑潜在风险。此外，随着直接面向消费者的基因检测的广泛应用，基因匿名性可能面临风险，因此必须对捐赠者进行适当的咨询。所以，在这个健康旅游的时代，在所有卵母细胞捐赠中心设立明确的咨询机构并让捐赠者在成为卵母细胞捐赠者时做出明智的选择至关重要。
