Marine Science Department, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2018 Oct;135:195-204. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.07.024. Epub 2018 Jul 14.
Impact pile-driving generates loud underwater anthropogenic sounds, and is routinely conducted in harbours around the world. Surprisingly few studies of these sounds and their propagation are published in the primary literature. To partially redress this we studied pile-driving sounds in Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand, during wharf reconstruction after earthquake damage. That Lyttelton harbour is routinely used by Hector's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus hectori), an endangered species found only in New Zealand, provided further context for this study. Steel piles of 0.61 or 0.71 m diameter were driven using three different pile-drivers. Maximum calculated source SEL was 192 dB re 1 μPas @ 1 m (SPL of 213 dB re 1 μPa @ 1 m). Propagation of piling noise was strongly influenced by harbour bathymetry and a rock breakwater near the piling operation. We calculated range estimates at which Hector's dolphins may suffer temporary hearing threshold shift and behavioural change.
冲击打桩会产生很大的水下人为噪声，而在世界范围内，这种噪声在港口也经常出现。令人惊讶的是，很少有关于这些声音及其传播的研究发表在主要文献中。为了部分纠正这一现象，我们在新西兰利特尔顿港进行了码头重建后的打桩研究，该港在地震破坏后进行了修复。利特尔顿港经常有赫克托海豚（Cephalorhynchus hectori）出没，这是一种仅在新西兰发现的濒危物种，这为这项研究提供了进一步的背景。使用三种不同的打桩机对直径为 0.61 或 0.71 米的钢桩进行了冲击打桩。最大计算源 SEL 为 192dB 重 1µPas@1m（1m 处的 SPL 为 213dB 重 1µPa）。打桩噪声的传播受到港口水深和打桩作业附近的岩石防波堤的强烈影响。我们计算了赫克托海豚可能遭受暂时听力阈移和行为改变的距离估计值。
