Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Vaccine. 2018 Nov 12;36(46):7043-7047. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.048. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
A monovalent rotavirus vaccine was introduced in the Ethiopian Expanded Program on Immunization from November 2013. We compared impact of rotavirus vaccine introduction on rotavirus associated acute diarrhea hospitalizations and genotypic characteristics of rotavirus strains pre-and post-vaccine introduction.
Sentinel surveillance for diarrhea among children <5 years of age was conducted at 3 hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 2011 to 2017. Stool specimens were collected from enrolled children and tested using an antigen capture enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus positive samples (156 from pre- and 141 from post-vaccination periods) were further characterized by rotavirus genotyping methods to identify the predominant G and P types circulating during the surveillance era.
A total of 788 children were enrolled during the pre- (July 2011-June 2013) and 815 children during the post-vaccination (July 2014-June 2017) periods. The proportion of diarrhea hospitalizations due to rotavirus among children <5 years of age declined by 17% from 24% (188/788) in the pre-vaccine period and to 20% (161/185) in post-vaccine introduction era. Similarly, a reduction of 18% in proportion of diarrhea hospitalizations due to rotavirus in children <12 months of age in the post (27%) vs pre-vaccine (33%) periods was observed. Seasonal peaks of rotavirus declined following rotavirus vaccine introduction. The most prevalent circulating strains were G12P[8] in 2011 (36%) and in 2012 (27%), G2P[4] (35%) in 2013, G9P[8] (19%) in 2014, G3P[6] and G2P[4] (19% each) in 2015, and G3P[8] (29%) in 2016.
Following rotavirus vaccine introduction in Ethiopia, a reduction in rotavirus associated hospitalizations was seen in all age groups with the greatest burden in children <12 months of age. A wide variety of rotavirus strains circulated in the pre- and post-vaccine introduction periods.
自 2013 年 11 月起，埃塞俄比亚扩大免疫规划开始引入单价轮状病毒疫苗。本研究旨在比较轮状病毒疫苗引入前后，轮状病毒相关急性腹泻住院情况和轮状病毒株基因型特征的变化。
2011 年至 2017 年，在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴的 3 家医院开展了针对 5 岁以下儿童腹泻的哨点监测。采集纳入儿童的粪便标本，采用抗原捕获酶免疫测定法进行检测。对轮状病毒阳性样本（疫苗引入前采集 156 份，引入后采集 141 份）进一步进行轮状病毒基因分型，以确定监测期间主要流行的 G 和 P 型。
疫苗引入前（2011 年 7 月至 2013 年 6 月）共纳入 788 名儿童，疫苗引入后（2014 年 7 月至 2017 年 6 月）共纳入 815 名儿童。＜5 岁儿童因轮状病毒导致的腹泻住院比例从疫苗引入前的 24%（188/788）下降至 20%（161/185），＜12 个月儿童因轮状病毒导致的腹泻住院比例从疫苗引入前的 33%（274/834）下降至 27%（232/859）。轮状病毒疫苗引入后，轮状病毒季节性流行高峰有所下降。最常见的流行株为 2011 年 G12P[8]（36%）和 2012 年 G12P[8]（27%）、2013 年 G2P[4]（35%）、2014 年 G9P[8]（19%）、2015 年 G3P[6]和 G2P[4]（各 19%）、2016 年 G3P[8]（29%）。
在埃塞俄比亚引入轮状病毒疫苗后，所有年龄组的轮状病毒相关住院率均有所下降，＜12 个月儿童的负担最大。疫苗引入前后均存在多种轮状病毒株流行。
