Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Ghana.
Vaccine. 2018 Nov 12;36(47):7238-7242. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.010. Epub 2018 Jan 20.
Ghana introduced the monovalent rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) into its national paediatric vaccination programme in May2012. Vaccine introduction was initiated nationwide and achieved >85% coverage within a few months. Rotavirus strain distribution pre- and post-RV vaccine introduction is reported.
Stool samples were collected from diarrhoeic children <5 years of age hospitalized between 2009 and 2016 at sentinel sites across Ghana and analyzed for the presence of group A rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay. Rotavirus strains were characterized by RT-PCR and sequencing.
A total of 1363 rotavirus EIA-positive samples were subjected to molecular characterization. These were made up of 823 (60.4%) and 540 (39.6%) samples from the pre- and post-vaccine periods respectively. Rotavirus VP7 genotypes G1, G2 and G3, and VP4 genotypes P[6] and P[8] constituted more than 65% of circulating G and P types in the pre-vaccine period. The common strains detected were G1P[8] (20%), G3P[6] (9.2%) and G2P[6] (4.9%). During the post-vaccine period, G12, G1 and G10 genotypes, constituted more than 65% of the VP7 genotypes whilst P[6] and P[8] made up more than 75% of the VP4 genotypes. The predominant circulating strains were G12P[8] (26%), G10P[6] (10%) G3P[6] (8.1%) and G1P[8] (8.0%). We also observed the emergence of the unusual rotavirus strain G9P[4] during this period.
Rotavirus G1P[8], the major strain in circulation during the pre-vaccination era, was replaced by G12P[8] as the most predominant strain after vaccine introduction. This strain replacement could be temporary and unrelated to vaccine introduction since an increase in G12 was observed in countries yet to introduce the rotavirus vaccine in West Africa. A continuous surveillance programme in the post-vaccine era is necessary for the monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains and the detection of unusual/emerging genotypes.
加纳于 2012 年 5 月将单价轮状病毒疫苗（Rotarix）纳入国家儿科免疫接种计划。疫苗接种在全国范围内启动，在短短几个月内覆盖率超过 85%。据报道，轮状病毒疫苗接种前和后轮状病毒株的分布情况。
在加纳各地的哨点医院，收集 2009 年至 2016 年期间<5 岁因腹泻住院的儿童的粪便样本，并通过酶免疫分析法检测轮状病毒 A 群的存在。通过 RT-PCR 和测序对轮状病毒株进行特征分析。
共对 1363 份轮状病毒 EIA 阳性样本进行了分子特征分析。这些样本分别来自疫苗接种前和疫苗接种后时期，其中 823 份（60.4%）和 540 份（39.6%）。在疫苗接种前时期，轮状病毒 VP7 基因型 G1、G2 和 G3 以及 VP4 基因型 P[6]和 P[8]构成了循环 G 和 P 型的 65%以上。检测到的常见菌株包括 G1P[8]（20%）、G3P[6]（9.2%）和 G2P[6]（4.9%）。在疫苗接种后时期，VP7 基因型中 G12、G1 和 G10 基因型超过 65%，VP4 基因型中 P[6]和 P[8]超过 75%。主要的流行株为 G12P[8]（26%）、G10P[6]（10%）、G3P[6]（8.1%）和 G1P[8]（8.0%）。在此期间，我们还观察到了不常见的轮状病毒株 G9P[4]的出现。
轮状病毒 G1P[8]是疫苗接种前流行的主要菌株，在疫苗接种后被 G12P[8]取代成为最主要的流行株。这种菌株的替代可能是暂时的，与疫苗接种无关，因为在西非尚未引入轮状病毒疫苗的国家，G12 的数量有所增加。在疫苗接种后时代，需要进行连续监测计划，以监测循环轮状病毒株，并发现异常/新兴基因型。
