基于小 RNA 的抗菌免疫。

Small RNA-based antimicrobial immunity.

机构信息

Vector-borne Virus Research Center, State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

出版信息

Nat Rev Immunol. 2019 Jan;19(1):31-44. doi: 10.1038/s41577-018-0071-x.

DOI:10.1038/s41577-018-0071-x

PMID:30301972

Abstract

Protection against microbial infection in eukaryotes is provided by diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms. Here, we present a comparative view of the antiviral activity of virus-derived small interfering RNAs in fungi, plants, invertebrates and mammals, detailing the mechanisms for their production, amplification and activity. We also highlight the recent discovery of viral PIWI-interacting RNAs in animals and a new role for mobile host and pathogen small RNAs in plant defence against eukaryotic pathogens. In turn, viruses that infect plants, insects and mammals, as well as eukaryotic pathogens of plants, have evolved specific virulence proteins that suppress RNA interference (RNAi). Together, these advances suggest that an antimicrobial function of the RNAi pathway is conserved across eukaryotic kingdoms.

摘要

真核生物通过多种细胞和分子机制来抵御微生物感染。在这里，我们对真菌、植物、无脊椎动物和哺乳动物中病毒衍生的小干扰 RNA 的抗病毒活性进行了比较，详细介绍了它们的产生、扩增和活性的机制。我们还强调了最近在动物中发现的病毒 PIWI 相互作用 RNA，以及在植物抵御真核病原体的防御中移动宿主和病原体小 RNA 的新作用。反过来，感染植物、昆虫和哺乳动物的病毒以及植物的真核病原体已经进化出特定的毒力蛋白来抑制 RNA 干扰（RNAi）。总的来说，这些进展表明，RNAi 途径的抗菌功能在真核生物界是保守的。