小 RNA——植物-微生物互作中的重要调控因子。
Small RNAs - Big Players in Plant-Microbe Interactions.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
出版信息
Cell Host Microbe. 2019 Aug 14;26(2):173-182. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.07.021.
Eukaryotic small RNAs (sRNAs) are short non-coding regulatory molecules that induce RNA interference (RNAi). During microbial infection, host RNAi machinery is highly regulated and contributes to reprogramming gene expression and balancing plant immunity and growth. While most sRNAs function endogenously, some can travel across organismal boundaries between hosts and microbes and silence genes in trans in interacting organisms, a mechanism called "cross-kingdom RNAi." During the co-evolutionary arms race between fungi and plants, some fungi developed a novel virulence mechanism, sending sRNAs as effector molecules into plant cells to silence plant immunity genes, whereas plants also transport sRNAs, mainly using extracellular vesicles, into the pathogens to suppress virulence-related genes. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries on these key roles of sRNAs and RNAi machinery. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of sRNA biogenesis, trafficking, and RNAi machinery will help us develop innovative strategies for crop protection.
真核小 RNA（sRNA）是一种短的非编码调控分子，能诱导 RNA 干扰（RNAi）。在微生物感染期间，宿主 RNAi 机制受到高度调控，有助于重新编程基因表达，并平衡植物的免疫和生长。虽然大多数 sRNA 具有内源性功能，但有些 sRNA 可以在宿主和微生物之间跨越生物体边界，并在相互作用的生物体中转录沉默基因，这种机制称为“跨物种 RNAi”。在真菌和植物之间的共同进化军备竞赛中，一些真菌发展出一种新的毒力机制，将 sRNA 作为效应分子送入植物细胞，以沉默植物的免疫基因，而植物也会利用细胞外囊泡将 sRNA 输送到病原体中，以抑制与毒力相关的基因。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 sRNA 和 RNAi 机制在这些关键作用方面的最新发现。了解 sRNA 生物发生、运输和 RNAi 机制的分子机制将有助于我们开发创新的作物保护策略。
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