State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beiertiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China.
Adv Mater. 2019 Sep;31(38):e1802874. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802874. Epub 2018 Oct 10.
Thanks to their distinguished properties such as optimized specific surface area, low density, high loading capacity, and sequential matter transfer and storage, hollow multishelled structures (HoMSs) have attracted great interest from scientists in broad fields, including catalysis, drug delivery, solar cells, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, electromagnetic wave absorption, and sensors. However, traditional synthesis methods such as soft-templating and hierarchical self-assembly methods can hardly realize the controllable synthesis of HoMSs, thus limiting their development and application. Here, the development process of HoMSs is first succinctly reviewed and the shortcomings of the traditional synthesis method are concluded. Subsequently, the sequential templating approach, which shows great generality for the synthesis of HoMSs with controllable composition and geometry configuration and exhibits remarkable effect on the scientific research field, is introduced. The basic material science and chemical reaction mechanism involved in the synthesis and manipulation of HoMSs using the sequential templating approach are then explained in detail. In addition, the effect of the geometric characteristics of HoMSs on their application properties is highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions of HoMSs are also suggested.
由于其独特的性质，如优化的比表面积、低密度、高负载能力以及顺序的物质传递和存储，中空多壳层结构（HoMSs）引起了包括催化、药物输送、太阳能电池、超级电容器、锂离子电池、电磁波吸收和传感器等广泛领域科学家的极大兴趣。然而，传统的合成方法，如软模板法和分级自组装方法，很难实现 HoMSs 的可控合成，从而限制了它们的发展和应用。本文首先简要回顾了 HoMSs 的发展历程，并总结了传统合成方法的缺点。随后，介绍了顺序模板法，该方法在合成具有可控组成和几何构型的 HoMSs 方面具有很大的通用性，并且在科学研究领域表现出显著的效果。然后详细解释了使用顺序模板法合成和操作 HoMSs 所涉及的基本材料科学和化学反应机理。此外，还强调了 HoMSs 的几何特征对其应用性能的影响。最后，还提出了 HoMSs 当前面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。
