Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Oct 9;19(10):3090. doi: 10.3390/ijms19103090.
Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and VLDL receptor belong to the low density lipoprotein receptor family and bind apolipoprotein E. These receptors interact with the clathrin machinery to mediate endocytosis of macromolecules but also interact with other adapter proteins to perform as signal transduction receptors. The best characterized signaling pathway in which ApoER2 and VLDL receptor (VLDLR) are involved is the Reelin pathway. This pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of laminated structures of the brain and in synaptic plasticity of the adult brain. Since Reelin and apolipoprotein E, are ligands of ApoER2 and VLDLR, these receptors are of interest with respect to Alzheimer's disease. We will focus this review on the complex structure of ApoER2 and VLDLR and a recently characterized ligand, namely clusterin.
载脂蛋白 E 受体 2（ApoER2）和 VLDL 受体属于低密度脂蛋白受体家族，可与载脂蛋白 E 结合。这些受体与网格蛋白机制相互作用，介导大分子的内吞作用，但也与其他衔接蛋白相互作用，作为信号转导受体发挥作用。ApoER2 和 VLDL 受体（VLDLR）参与的最典型的信号通路是 Reelin 通路。该通路在大脑层状结构的发育和成年大脑的突触可塑性中起着关键作用。由于 Reelin 和载脂蛋白 E 是 ApoER2 和 VLDLR 的配体，因此这些受体与阿尔茨海默病有关。我们将重点讨论 ApoER2 和 VLDLR 的复杂结构以及最近表征的配体，即簇蛋白。
