Fujiwara Hiroshi
First Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University Hospital.
Rinsho Ketsueki. 2018;59(10):1895-1904. doi: 10.11406/rinketsu.59.1895.
In cancer immunotherapy, the importance of tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently been highlighted. TME, where trafficked T lymphocytes with tumoricidal activity, particularly endowed by dendritic cells in the sentinel lymph nodes, suppress cancer cells, consists of multiple cellular components, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, monocytes, neutrophils, regulatory T cells, and NK cells, and non-cellular components, such as extracellular matrix and blood and lymphatic vessels. These stroma-forming components have been demonstrated to be mutually interrelated and to provide pro-cancer propensity. The recent clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatment has again highlighted the importance of controlling the immunosuppressive milieu of TME to achieve an improved clinical outcome. Simultaneously, understanding the unsuccessful clinical efficacy mediated by adoptively transferred cancer antigen receptor gene-modified T cells against solid tumors has similarly drawn a conclusion. This review presents some recent and notable progresses in cancer immunotherapy, thus aiming at an opportunity to understand the interrelation between tumor immunity in cancer-bearing host and TME.
在癌症免疫治疗中，肿瘤微环境（TME）的重要性最近受到了关注。TME由多种细胞成分（如成纤维细胞、巨噬细胞、髓源性抑制细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞、调节性T细胞和自然杀伤细胞）以及非细胞成分（如细胞外基质、血管和淋巴管）组成，其中具有杀肿瘤活性的T淋巴细胞（特别是由前哨淋巴结中的树突状细胞赋予其活性）可抑制癌细胞。这些形成基质的成分已被证明相互关联，并具有促癌倾向。免疫检查点抑制剂在癌症治疗中的近期临床成功再次凸显了控制TME免疫抑制环境以改善临床结果的重要性。同时，对于过继性转移的癌症抗原受体基因修饰的T细胞针对实体瘤介导的临床疗效不佳的理解也得出了类似结论。本综述介绍了癌症免疫治疗中一些近期的显著进展，旨在提供一个机会来了解荷瘤宿主中的肿瘤免疫与TME之间的相互关系。
