Kabalika Chiluba, Mulenga David, Mazaba Mazyanga Lucy, Siziya Seter
Clinical Sciences Department, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
The Health Press, Zambia. Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia.
Int J MCH AIDS. 2018;7(1):17-27. doi: 10.21106/ijma.223.
Zambia has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in the world. Cervical cancer screening leads to reduction in the incidence of invasive disease. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of acceptance of cervical cancer screening and its correlates among women of a peri-urban high-density residential area in Ndola, Zambia.
A cross sectional study was conducted. With a population size of 12,000 women in reproductive age and using an expected frequency of 50 + 5% and at 95% confidence interval, the required sample size was 372. A stratified sampling method was used to select participants. Independent factors that were associated with the outcome were established using multi-variate logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals are reported.
In total, 355 out of 372 questionnaires were administered, achieving a response rate of 95.4%. Out of 355 participants, 9 (2.5%) had ever been screened for cervical cancer. In bivariate analyses, factors associated with screened were knowledge of body part affected, screening as a prevention tool, whether cervical cancer was curable in its early stages or not, awareness of cervical cancer screening, knowledge on frequency of screening and cervical cancer screening causing harm. However, in multivariate analysis, participants who knew that cervical cancer screening prevented cervical cancer were 3.58 (95% CI [1.49, 8.64]) times more likely to have been screened than those who did not have the knowledge. Participants who knew that cervical cancer is curable were 2.76 (95% CI [1.92, 8.31]) times more likely to have been screened than those who did not have the knowledge.
The uptake of screening was low. Interventions should be designed to increase uptake of screening for cervical cancer by considering factors that have been identified in the current study that are independently associated with cervical cancer screening among this population.
赞比亚是世界上宫颈癌发病率和死亡率最高的国家之一。宫颈癌筛查可降低浸润性疾病的发病率。本研究的目的是确定赞比亚恩多拉市一个城郊高密度居民区女性对宫颈癌筛查的接受程度及其相关因素。
进行了一项横断面研究。该居民区有12000名育龄妇女，按照预期频率50 + 5%以及95%的置信区间计算，所需样本量为372。采用分层抽样方法选取参与者。使用多变量逻辑回归确定与结果相关的独立因素。报告调整后的比值比及其95%置信区间。
总共发放了372份问卷中的355份，回复率为95.4%。在355名参与者中，9人（2.5%）曾接受过宫颈癌筛查。在双变量分析中，与接受筛查相关的因素包括对受影响身体部位的了解、将筛查作为预防工具、宫颈癌早期是否可治愈、对宫颈癌筛查的认识、对筛查频率的了解以及认为宫颈癌筛查有害。然而，在多变量分析中，知道宫颈癌筛查可预防宫颈癌的参与者接受筛查的可能性是不知道这一情况者的3.58倍（95%置信区间[1.49, 8.64]）。知道宫颈癌可治愈的参与者接受筛查的可能性是不知道这一情况者的2.76倍（95%置信区间[1.92, 8.31]）。
筛查的接受率较低。应设计干预措施，通过考虑本研究中确定的与该人群宫颈癌筛查独立相关的因素，来提高宫颈癌筛查的接受率。
