Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1093:47-63. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-1396-7_4.
Orthopedic surgery is a widely performed clinical procedure that deals with problems in relation to the bones, joints, and ligaments of the human body, such as musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders. Surgical navigation is generally recognized as the next generation technology of orthopedic surgery. The development of orthopedic navigation systems aims to analyze pre-, intra- and/or postoperative data in multiple modalities and provide an augmented reality 3-D visualization environment to improve clinical outcomes of surgical orthopedic procedures. This chapter investigates surgical navigation techniques and systems that are currently available in orthopedic procedures. In particular, optical tracking, electromagnetic localizers and stereoscopic vision, as well as commercialized orthopedic navigation systems are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, advances and development trends in orthopedic navigation are also discussed in this chapter. While current orthopedic navigation systems enable surgeons to make precise decisions in the operating room by integrating surgical planning, instrument tracking, and intraoperative imaging, it still remains an active research field which provides orthopedists with various technical disciplines, e.g., medical imaging, computer science, sensor technology, and robotics, to further develop current orthopedic navigation methods and systems.
骨科手术是一种广泛开展的临床手术，主要处理与人体骨骼、关节和韧带相关的问题，如肌肉骨骼创伤、脊柱疾病、运动损伤、退行性疾病、感染、肿瘤和先天性疾病等。手术导航通常被认为是骨科手术的下一代技术。骨科导航系统的发展旨在分析多种模态的术前、术中及/或术后数据，并提供增强现实的 3D 可视化环境，以提高骨科手术的临床效果。本章研究了目前在骨科手术中可用的手术导航技术和系统。具体来说，光学跟踪、电磁定位器和立体视觉以及商业化的骨科导航系统都得到了深入讨论。此外，本章还讨论了骨科导航的进展和发展趋势。虽然目前的骨科导航系统通过整合手术规划、器械跟踪和术中成像，使外科医生能够在手术室中做出精确的决策，但它仍然是一个活跃的研究领域，为骨科医生提供了各种技术学科，如医学成像、计算机科学、传感器技术和机器人技术，以进一步发展现有的骨科导航方法和系统。
