Stavropoulou Elisavet, Troillet Nicolas
Service de médecine interne, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.
Service des maladies infectieuses, Institut Central des Hôpitaux, Hôpital du Valais, Avenue du Grand-Champsec 86, 1950 Sion.
Rev Med Suisse. 2018 Oct 10;14(622):1786-1789.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is transmitted by Hyalomma spp ticks or exposure to blood of infected persons or animals. It is present in European regions that are frequently visited by people living in Switzerland. It is suspected in case of fever with hemorrhagic signs and confirmed by PCR or serology. Because of its severity and potential for nosocomial transmission, it should be included of the differential diagnosis of fever in returning travelers in order to rapidly implement the adequate measures : hospitalisation with isolation precautions and treatment with ribavirin. In the absence of an effective vaccine, prevention consists of barriers precautions and postexposure prophylaxis with ribavirin in case of exposure to infected blood.
克里米亚-刚果出血热通过璃眼蜱属蜱虫传播，或因接触受感染人员或动物的血液而传播。在瑞士居民经常前往的欧洲地区存在该病。出现伴有出血症状的发热时疑似感染该病，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）或血清学确诊。鉴于其严重性及医院内传播的可能性，对于返程旅行者发热的鉴别诊断应将其纳入，以便迅速采取适当措施：住院并采取隔离预防措施，使用利巴韦林进行治疗。在没有有效疫苗的情况下，预防措施包括采取屏障预防措施，以及在接触感染血液后使用利巴韦林进行暴露后预防。
