Lizana Pablo A, Simpson María Cristina, Farias Pamela, Berral Francisco José
Laboratory of Morphological Sciences, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso.
Nutr Hosp. 2018 Oct 5;35(5):1033-1041. doi: 10.20960/nh.1749.
this investigation describes the somatotype components and somatotype as a whole in Chilean children and adolescents.
a cross-sectional study was conducted in Valparaiso, Chile. The somatotypes of 1,409 schoolchildren (747 males) aged 6 to 18 yearswere assessed using the Heath-Carter anthropometric method. Comparative category analyses (endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph) were performed using t-tests. To analyze whole somatotypes along two and three dimensions, the somatotype dispersion mean (SDM) and somatotype attitudinal mean (SAM), respectively, were used in addition to a somatochart representation.
the somatotype of the male sample showed a marked mesomorph-endomorph biotype (4.9-4.8-2.1), whereas that for the female sample showed a mesomorphic endomorph classification (5.8-4.3-1.8). The samples differed significantly by sex, with an increased endomorphic component observed in females aged 13 to 18 years old. These sex differences were primarily evident in adolescents with high somatotype values in two or three dimensions (SDM ≥ 3.0; SAM ≥ 1.2), indicating high between-group dispersion. The somatocharts showed displacement of the endomorphic components for both sexes, particularly females.
the results provide strong evidence that biotype changes have increased, primarily in terms of relative adiposity (i.e., the endomorphiccomponent) and predominantly in adolescent girls.
本研究描述了智利儿童和青少年的体型组成及整体体型。
在智利瓦尔帕莱索进行了一项横断面研究。使用希思-卡特人体测量法对1409名6至18岁学童（747名男性）的体型进行评估。使用t检验进行比较类别分析（内胚层型、中胚层型和外胚层型）。为了沿二维和三维分析整体体型，除了体型图表示外，还分别使用了体型离散均值（SDM）和体型态度均值（SAM）。
男性样本的体型显示出明显的中胚层-内胚层生物型（4.9-4.8-2.1），而女性样本的体型显示为中胚层内胚层分类（5.8-4.3-1.8）。样本在性别上存在显著差异，在13至18岁的女性中观察到内胚层成分增加。这些性别差异主要在二维或三维体型值较高的青少年中明显（SDM≥3.0；SAM≥1.2），表明组间离散度较高。体型图显示两性的内胚层成分均有位移，尤其是女性。
结果提供了有力证据，表明生物型变化有所增加，主要体现在相对肥胖（即内胚层成分）方面，且主要发生在青春期女孩中。
