Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Oct 12;67(40):1123-1128. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6740a4.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends routine vaccination by age 24 months against 14 potentially serious illnesses (1). CDC used data from the 2017 National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) to assess vaccination coverage at national, state, territorial, and selected local levels among children aged 19-35 months in the United States. Coverage remained high and stable overall, exceeding 90% for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine. Although the proportion of children who received no vaccine doses by age 24 months was low, this proportion increased gradually from 0.9% for children born in 2011 to 1.3% for children born in 2015. Coverage was lower for most vaccines among uninsured children and those insured by Medicaid, compared with those having private health insurance, and for children living outside of metropolitan statistical areas* (MSAs), compared with those living in MSA principal cities. These disparities could be reduced with greater awareness and use of the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program, eliminating missed opportunities to vaccinate children during visits to health care providers, and minimizing interruptions in health insurance coverage.
免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议按年龄在 24 个月前常规接种针对 14 种潜在严重疾病的疫苗（1）。CDC 使用 2017 年全国免疫调查-儿童（NIS-Child）的数据，评估美国 19-35 月龄儿童在全国、州、地区和选定的地方各级的疫苗接种覆盖率。总体而言，覆盖率保持在较高且稳定的水平，超过 90%的儿童接种≥3 剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗、≥1 剂麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗（MMR）、≥3 剂乙型肝炎疫苗（HepB）和≥1 剂水痘疫苗。尽管 24 月龄时未接种任何疫苗的儿童比例较低，但这一比例从 2011 年出生的儿童的 0.9%逐渐增加到 2015 年出生的儿童的 1.3%。与拥有私人医疗保险的儿童相比，未参保的儿童和参加 Medicaid 保险的儿童的大多数疫苗接种覆盖率较低，与居住在大都市统计区（MSA）内的儿童相比，居住在 MSA 以外地区的儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率也较低。通过提高对儿童疫苗接种计划（VFC）的认识和使用率，减少儿童在接受医疗服务提供者治疗期间错过接种疫苗的机会，并尽量减少医疗保险覆盖的中断，这些差异可以得到缩小。
