Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC.
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Oct 15;70(41):1435-1440. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7041a1.
Immunization is a safe and cost-effective means of preventing illness in young children and interrupting disease transmission within the community.* The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends vaccination of children against 14 diseases during the first 24 months of life (1). CDC uses National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child) data to monitor routine coverage with ACIP-recommended vaccines in the United States at the national, regional, state, territorial, and selected local levels. CDC assessed vaccination coverage by age 24 months among children born in 2017 and 2018, with comparisons to children born in 2015 and 2016. Nationally, coverage was highest for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine (92.7%); ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) (91.9%); ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (91.6%); and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (VAR) (90.9%). Coverage was lowest for ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine (60.6%). Coverage among children born in 2017-2018 was 2.1-4.5 percentage points higher than it was among those born in 2015-2016 for rotavirus vaccine, ≥1 dose of hepatitis A vaccine (HepA), the HepB birth dose, and ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine. Only 1.0% of children had received no vaccinations by age 24 months. Disparities in coverage were seen for race/ethnicity, poverty status, and health insurance status. Coverage with most vaccines was lower among children who were not privately insured. The largest disparities between insurance categories were among uninsured children, especially for ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine, the combined 7-vaccine series, and rotavirus vaccination. Reported estimates reflect vaccination opportunities that mostly occurred before disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Extra efforts are needed to ensure that children who missed vaccinations, including those attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, receive them as soon as possible to maintain protection against vaccine-preventable illnesses.
免疫接种是预防幼儿患病和在社区内中断疾病传播的安全且具成本效益的手段。*免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议在儿童生命的头 24 个月内接种 14 种疾病的疫苗（1）。CDC 使用国家免疫调查-儿童（NIS-Child）数据，在国家、地区、州、地区和选定的地方各级监测美国 ACIP 推荐疫苗的常规接种率。CDC 评估了 2017 年和 2018 年出生的儿童在 24 个月龄时的疫苗接种率，并与 2015 年和 2016 年出生的儿童进行了比较。在全国范围内，脊灰病毒疫苗（≥3 剂）（92.7%）、乙型肝炎疫苗（HepB）（≥3 剂）（91.9%）、麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗（MMR）（≥1 剂）（91.6%）和水痘疫苗（VAR）（≥1 剂）（90.9%）的接种率最高。流感疫苗（≥2 剂）的接种率最低（60.6%）。与 2015-2016 年出生的儿童相比，2017-2018 年出生的儿童的轮状病毒疫苗、HepA 疫苗、HepB 出生剂量和≥2 剂流感疫苗的接种率高 2.1-4.5 个百分点。到 24 个月大时，只有 1.0%的儿童没有接种过任何疫苗。在种族/民族、贫困状况和医疗保险状况方面存在接种率差异。未参加私人保险的儿童接种疫苗的比例较低。在保险类别之间最大的差异是在未参保的儿童中，特别是在≥2 剂流感疫苗、7 价疫苗系列和轮状病毒疫苗接种方面。报告的估计反映了在 COVID-19 大流行造成干扰之前发生的疫苗接种机会。需要做出更多努力，确保尽快为错过疫苗接种的儿童（包括因 COVID-19 大流行而错过的疫苗接种）接种疫苗，以保持对疫苗可预防疾病的保护。
