Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Department of General Surgery, Institute for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
Epigenomics. 2018 Nov;10(11):1499-1509. doi: 10.2217/epi-2017-0151. Epub 2018 Oct 12.
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm, which are released into the intracellular environment. Exosomes could influence the genetic and epigenetic changes of receptor cells by promoting the horizontal transfer of various proteins or RNAs, especially miRNAs. Moreover, exosomes also play an important role in tumor microenvironment. Exosomes could promote the short- and long-distance exchanges of genetic information by acting as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. In addition, exosomes participate in drug resistance of tumor cells by genetic exchange between cells. It is reported that exosomes could be absorbed by recipient cells and transmit chemoresistance from drug-resistant tumor cells to sensitive ones. Then understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy failure and controlling tumor progression effectively will be a major challenge for us. Therefore, in this review, we will briefly reveal the role of exosomes in drug resistance.
外泌体是直径为 40-100nm 的小膜囊泡，它们被释放到细胞内环境中。外泌体可以通过促进各种蛋白质或 RNA（尤其是 miRNAs）的水平转移来影响受体细胞的遗传和表观遗传变化。此外，外泌体在肿瘤微环境中也发挥着重要作用。外泌体可以作为细胞间通讯的介质，促进遗传信息的短距离和长距离交换。此外，外泌体通过细胞间的遗传交换参与肿瘤细胞的耐药性。有报道称，外泌体可以被受体细胞吸收，并将耐药肿瘤细胞的化疗耐药性传递给敏感细胞。因此，了解化疗失败的机制并有效控制肿瘤进展将是我们面临的主要挑战。因此，在本综述中，我们将简要揭示外泌体在耐药性中的作用。
